Biogas upgrading – Review of commercial technologies - SGC

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Acronyms used in the report SGC Rapport 2013:270 AD Anaerobic digester CBG Compressed biogas CMS Carbon molecular sieve CNG Compressed natural gas DEA Diethanolamine IEA International Energy Agency LBG Liquified biogas LNG Liquified natural gas MDEA Methyldiethanolamine MEA Monoethanolamine MOF Metal organic framework PSA Pressure swing adsorption PZ Piperazine RTO Regenerative thermal oxidation WWTP Waste water treatment plant 8 Svenskt Gastekniskt Center AB, Malmö – www.sgc.se
Table of contents SGC Rapport 2013:270 1 Introduction................................................................................................. 10 1.1 Earlier work .......................................................................................... 10 1.2 Existing upgrading plants..................................................................... 11 1.3 Manufacturers of biogas upgrading units ............................................. 13 1.4 Aims, scope and report disposition ...................................................... 15 2 Description of the available upgrading technologies................................... 16 2.1 Amine scrubbing .................................................................................. 16 2.2 Pressure swing adsorption................................................................... 23 2.3 Membrane separation .......................................................................... 28 2.4 Water scrubbing................................................................................... 34 2.5 Organic physical scrubbing.................................................................. 45 3 Comparison between the different technologies......................................... 50 3.1 Gas purity............................................................................................. 50 3.2 Consumables ....................................................................................... 51 3.3 Methane slip......................................................................................... 52 3.4 Investment costs .................................................................................. 52 3.5 Recent developments .......................................................................... 53 3.6 Gas compression ................................................................................. 54 4 Cryogenic separation and liquefaction........................................................ 56 4.1 Technical background.......................................................................... 56 4.2 Purification of landfill gas ..................................................................... 57 4.3 Upgrading of biogas............................................................................. 58 4.4 Liquefaction of upgraded biomethane.................................................. 61 5 Small scale biogas upgrading..................................................................... 67 5.1 High pressure batchwise water scrubbing............................................ 67 5.2 Rotary coil water scrubber ................................................................... 68 6 Concluding remarks.................................................................................... 70 References......................................................................................................... 72 Appendix I Importance of pH for a water scrubber............................................. 76 Appendix II Theory on refrigeration cycles......................................................... 78 Appendix III The GtS cryogenic upgrading process ........................................... 81 Svenskt Gastekniskt Center AB, Malmö – www.sgc.se 9
Page 1: SGC Rapport 2013:270 Biogas upgradi
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References SGC Rapport 2013:270 Aba
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