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SAP-BIO-Lebanon National Report Page 30 of 95 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ Table 4. Amphibians (Lakkis, S. et al., 1996) Seven species have been identified in Lebanon of which four live in the coastal zone near water flows (Pelobates syriacus Boettger (end.), Hyla arborea (end.), Rana rudibunda Pallas, Bufo viridis L.) Table 5. Reptiles (Lakkis, S. et al., 1996) Some forty species of reptiles have been observed on the Lebanese coast but have not been reported as coastal specific species. Most are herbivores and some live in specific habitats that are being destroyed by urbanization. Some of the species sighted on the Lebanese coast include: Caretta caretta, Chelonia mydas, Dermochelys coriacea, Eretmochelys imbricata , Trionyx trionguis. Table 6. Birds (Jaradi G., personal communication) One hundred and forty four coastal bird species have been recorded (Ramadan Jaradi & Ramadan Jaradi, 1999), of which five are threatened at global level and 90 are of high significance as per AEWA Convention. Few of them breed in the coastal belt of the country. The relative poverty in breeding birds can be attributed to lack of coastal wetlands, extensive urban development along the coastline and hunting and continuous disturbance by man in coastal habitats. One hundred and eighty six bird species have been observed near the Lebanese coast, of which 144 are marine or of marine affinity (see above). They belong to 12 Orders. The Charadriiformes (mainly waders and gulls) is the most important Order with the following families: Haematopodidae (1 genus/ 1 species), Recurvirostridae (2 genera/ 2 species), Glareolidae (2 genera/ 2 species), Charadriidae (5 genera/ 11 species), Scolopacidae (11 genera/ 23 species), Stercorariidae (1 genus/ 1 species), Laridae (2 genera/ 11 species), and Sternidae (3 genera/ 8 species). The most threatened coastal and marine species belong to the following Orders: Pelecaniformes, Anseriformes, Accipitriformes, Gruiformes, and Charadriiformes. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Prepared By M. Nader & S. Talhouk June, 2002
SAP-BIO-Lebanon National Report Page 31 of 95 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ Table 7. Zooplancton (Lakkis, S. et al., 1996) Microzooplankton Foraminifera: Thirteen species have been recorded in Lebanon and these belong to two families namely: Globigeriniidae et Globorotaliidae containing 8 genera. Rhizopodes (actinopodes): Sixty seven species belonging to 5 main groups inhabit the Lebanese waters with the majority thriving between 200-600 m. Lakkis (1971a) and Abboud-Abi-Saab (1988). Group Genus Species Acantharia 10 10 Radiolaria Spumellaria 25 25 Nasselaria 24 24 Phaeodaria 7 7 Heliozoa 1 1 Tintinnoinea: Ninety nine species belonging to 32 genera and 17 families have been identified in Lebanon. Of these, 31 species are of tropical or indo-pacific origin (Abboud-Abi-Saab, 1989a, Abboud- Abi-Saab and Kassab 1990). The most common genera are Tintinnopsis (13 species), Eutintinnus (9 species), Coxliella (8) and Favella (7). Seasonal distribution indicates two peaks. One in winter where the following species become abundant Tintinnopsis beroidea, T. campaula, T. cylindrica, Codonellopsis schabi et Tintinnidium neapolitanum. The second peak occurs in spring with the following species: Favella serrata, Rhabdonella spiralis et Eutintinnus medius. Macrozooplancton a- Cnidaria the following taxa have been reported in Lebanese waters: Hydromedusae: Six orders have been reported in Lebanese waters, the Anthomedusae (32 species), eptomedusae (17), Langiomedusae (1), Limnomedusae (4), Trachymedusae (9), and Narcomedusae (3). Of the 67 reported species, 11 are of tropical or indo-pacific origin, and 19 are newly reported in the Mediterranean sea (Goy, Lakkis and Zeidane, 1991). The most commonly found species belong to the Trachymedusae (Liriope tetraphylla, Aglaura hemistoma, Rhopalonema velatum, Tetrorchis erythrogaster). Scyphozoa Of the 5 species recorded in Lebanon two are commonly found in summer (Rhizostoma pulmo and Rhopilema nomadica) (Lakkis, 1991c). Siphonophora Twenty eight species of Siphonophores comprising 5 Physonectes and 23 Calycophores are reported in Lebanon (Lakkis and Zeidane, 1995). Nanomia bijuga is the most common among the Physonectes. In the Calycophores 4 species are abundant: Eudoxoides spiralis, Sphaeronectes irregularis, Diphyes dispar ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Prepared By M. Nader & S. Talhouk June, 2002
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