Project for the preparation of a Strategic Action Plan for the ...

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SAP-BIO-Lebanon National Report Page 6 of 95 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ List of Tables Table 1. Littoral specific species of flora recorded in selected typical littoral communities of the Lebanese coast (Dardas, 2001)..........................................................................................................25 Table 2. Species of flora threatened by urbanization or already no longer existing in coastal habitats (Lakkis S. et al., 1996).........................................................................................................26 Table 3. Littoral species no longer found in Lebanon (Lakkis, S. et al., 1996.) ...................................29 Table 4. Amphibians (Lakkis, S. et al., 1996)..........................................................................................30 Table 5. Reptiles (Lakkis, S. et al., 1996) .................................................................................................30 Table 6. Birds (Jaradi G., personal input)...............................................................................................30 Table 7. Zooplancton (Lakkis, S. et al., 1996) .........................................................................................31 Table 8. Necton (Lakkis, S. et al., 1996)..................................................................................................33 Table 9. The zoobenthos (Lakkis, S. et al., 1996.) ...................................................................................35 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Prepared By M. Nader & S. Talhouk June, 2002
SAP-BIO-Lebanon National Report Page 7 of 95 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ I. Introduction 1. Background information The SAP BIO project is being implemented within the framework of the MAP. MAP was ratified and approved in 1975, following a series of scientific meetings and inter-governmental discussions, during an Inter-Governmental Meeting convened by the UNEP in Barcelona. In 1976, another conference was convened by UNEP in Barcelona (Barcelona Conference), where representatives of Mediterranean countries adopted the legal support needed to implement the MAP Program. The document signed in 1976 became known as the Barcelona Convention, an international agreement between Mediterranean countries for the protection of the Mediterranean Sea against pollution. The legal framework of the MAP program has been enlarged and modified several times since the Barcelona Convention was adopted. Among the most important legal instruments developed and approved for the protection of the marine environment there are six protocols dealing with different aspects of environmental protection, with one main protocol dealing with biodiversity: 1.1. The new "Protocol concerning Specially Protected Areas and Biological Diversity in the Mediterranean" The new Protocol entered into force on 12 December 1999, replacing the Protocol concerning Mediterranean Specially Protected Areas adopted in 1982. The new "Protocol concerning Specially Protected Areas and Biological Diversity in the Mediterranean" represents a strengthening of the 1982 Protocol in several important aspects: • Extension of the Protocol to the protection and management of endangered and threatened species, and to the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, • Extension of its geographical coverage to the international waters of the Mediterranean, • Establishing of a new international category of protected area, SPAMIs • Drawing up of a list of endangered or threatened species and of a list of species whose exploitation should be regulated, • Provisions concerning EIA, establishing inventories, and the introduction of non-indigenous or genetically modified species. 1.2. Convention on Biological Diversity In 1992, 150 countries met in Rio de Janeiro for the Conference on the Environment and Development and signed the CBD aiming at the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity. In Jakarta, in 1997 the First Meeting of Experts on Marine and Coastal Biological Diversity within the CBD was held. The Meeting produced a recommendation including consideration of a draft three-year work plan on marine and coastal biological diversity. Within the Jakarta Mandate, five thematic issues were identified: Integrated Marine and Coastal Management, Marine and Coastal Protected Areas, Sustainable Use of Marine and Coastal Living Resources, Mariculture, and Alien Species. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Prepared By M. Nader & S. Talhouk June, 2002
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