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SAP-BIO-Lebanon National Report Page 32 of 95 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ and Chelophyes appendiculata. b- Ctenophora Ctenophores are represented by three species in Lebanon: Beroe ovata, Eucharis multicornis and Pleurobrachia rhodopis. c- Annelida polychaeta In Lebanon 6 genera exist as adults ' pelagiques" and 13 taxons as larval state. d- Chaetognatha Among the 30 known species 10 are found in Lebanese waters. Of these 9 belong to the Sagitta genus and one to the Krohnitta (Lakkis, 1977). Two species, namely Sagitta friderici et S. enflata constitute 90% of the recorded populations. e- Crustacea Cladocera Six species belonging to two families and 3 genera inhabit the Lebanese waters with the most important being Evadne spinifera and E. tergestina. Ostracoda Very little information is available on Ostracoda in Lebanon. Lakkis (1971b) reported the presence of 6 species belonging to two families: Conchoecidae et Cytheridae, with the two most common species being Conchoecia haddoni and C. elegans found in small numbers. Copepoda Of the 200 species known in the Mediterranean, 173 are reported in Lebanon. Amphipoda Twenty-five species spreading over 21 genera and 12 families have been reported in Lebanese waters. These however do not form dense populations and are instead encountered as isolated specimens. Tetrathyrus forcipatus is the most commonly encountered species while less frequently encountered species include Eupronoë minuta, Euprimno macropus, and Lestrigonus schizogeneios. Euphausiacea Of the 13 species reported in the Mediterranean, 5 species have been found in Lebanon and these belong to three genera namely Euphausia, Stylocheiron and Thysanopoda. Mysidacea Four species are reported in Lebanon, although in low numbers. The most common ones are Mysis sp. et Paramysis sp. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Prepared By M. Nader & S. Talhouk June, 2002
SAP-BIO-Lebanon National Report Page 33 of 95 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ Decapoda (pelagic) Of the 189 species reported by Holthuis and Gottlieb (1958), 106 have been identified in Lebanon (Lakkis and Zeidane, 1988b, 1988c): Macrura Natantia (50), Macrura Reptantia (6), Anomura (15), Brachyura (37). Decapoda larvae contribute 3% of the total zooplankton mass of the Lebanese waters. The largest number of species (66) is reported in July. The most common species include Lucifer typus, Calcinus ornatus, Diogenes pugilator, Catapaguroides timidus, Upogebia deltaura, Callianassa subterranea, Macropippus spp., Neptunus pelagicus, Pilumnus hirtellus et Acanthonyx lunulatus. Cirrhipedia (Pelagic): The Nauplii and the Cypris constitute an important part of the Lebanese méroplancton (4.5%). These larvae belong to species of the following genera Chtamalus, Balanus, Lepas anatifera. Miscellaneous planktonic larvae: Planktonic larvae constitute between 10-25% of the zooplankton biomass. Other than the crustaceans and the mollusks the following larval groups are noted: Nauplii of Copepods 50% , Mollusks (Véligères) 15%, Annelids (Trochophores) 13%, Decapods (Zoea, Mysis) 8% , Eggs and fish larvae 7%, Echinoderms (Plutei) 5% , and Miscellaneous 2% Mollusca (Pelagic): Thecosomes and Gymnosomes spread over 5 families, 16 genera and 32 species are reported in Lebanon. Examples of these species include Creseis virgula, Limacina inflata, Clio polita, Cavolina sp., Limacina trochiformis,Firola coronata, F. desmaresti. Thaliacea (Pelagic): The Thaliacea which include 3 subclasses, the pyrosomes (P.atlanticum), salpides ( Thalia democratica, T. orientalis et Salpa fusiformis), and doliolides (Doliolum denticulatum, Doliolina mülleri et Dolioletta gegenbauri.) are all represented in Lebanese waters. Appendicularia: They constitute 5% of the Lebanese zooplankton biomass. Of the approximately fifty species identified, 15 belonging to 5 genra inhabit the Lebanese waters (Lakkis, 1971; Lakkis et Zeidane, 1985): Oikopleura (7 species), Fritillaria (4), Megalocercus (2) and Appendicularia (1 espèce). The most important species in Lebanon are: Oikopleura longicauda (constituting 85% of the total populations) followed by O. dioica, O. cophocerca, O. fusiformis and Fritillaria borealis. L'ichtyoplankton: Local researchers indicate a high species richness whereby 84 egg and larval species belonging to 52 families have been identified (Lakkis et Zeidane, 1993a; Zeidane et Lakkis, 1995). Average annual density based on a 10 year study indicated a value of 140 eggs/100m3 and 40 larvae/100 m3. Table 8. Necton (Lakkis, S. et al., 1996) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Prepared By M. Nader & S. Talhouk June, 2002
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