Project for the preparation of a Strategic Action Plan for the ...

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SAP-BIO-Lebanon National Report Page 36 of 95 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ species. This is the case of the brown algae Stypopodium schinmperi which invades big areas in different places on the Lebanese coast. Species with economic value include: Spongia officinalis and Hippospongia equina, Pinctada radiata, Tritonium nodiferum, Octopus vulgaris and Sepia officinalis, Portunus pelagicus, Maja squinado and Scyllarides latus, Paracentrotus lividus Species indicators of clean water include: Syllis sp., Perinereis cultrifer and Hyale sp . Species indicators of organic pollution: Audouinia filigera, Cirratulus cirratus and Platynereis dumerilii, Phallusia nigra and Microcosmus exasperatus. Threatened spcecies: In addition to the species with commercial value there are Pinna nobilis and Tritonium nodiferum. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Prepared By M. Nader & S. Talhouk June, 2002
SAP-BIO-Lebanon National Report Page 37 of 95 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ III. Analysis of the present situation The war years (1975-1990) that have swept through Lebanon have intensified environmentally destructive activities, more specifically along the Mediterranean coastline. This is mostly expressed through constant attacks from unregulated development and the depletion of the endemic fauna and flora. These attacks come in different forms including pollution, deforestation, land appropriation from the sea, siphoning of sand from beaches, indiscriminate fishing using conventional and non-conventional methods, unregulated hunting of native and migrating birds, indiscriminate construction and development etc., all activities that will eventually lead to the destruction of the Lebanese coastal habitat and the annihilation of the coastal and marine biodiversity. The issues, problems their causes and trends as well as the threats, causes, impacts and significance have been pooled in this section. The lack of available data was prevalent in the analysis of all categories placing most, if not all issues and the related problems in the highly significant group except for eutrophication that has not been recorded off the Lebanese coast. Nevertheless, the following issues and problems, in order of relevance, have been identified as negatively affecting coastal and marine biodiversity. This was generated from the results of a national workshop held at the MOE on March 06 2002 in which experts and stakeholders representing government institutions, academic institutions, NGOs, syndicat of fishermen and the private sector participated (Appendix II). The participants were organized into two groups and elaborated on the different issues and their associated status, trends, threats, causes, impacts and significance. Issue Problem I. Pollution 1. Urban pollution 2. Industrial pollution 3. Agriculture 4. Ballast water II. Development 1. Population growth 2. Infrastructure development 3. Land appropriation 4. Lack of communication III. Tourism 1. Development of and encroachment on public land 2. Pollution 3. Recreational activities IV. Fishing 1. Illegal harvesting techniques 2. Invasive species 3. Lack of data V. Lack of data 1. Insufficient number of specialists 2. Lack of interest from the authorities and academic institutions 3. Lack of funding for research and research facilities VI. Lack of awareness 1. Lack of environmental education in schools and universities 2. Lack of trained school teachers in environmental education 3. Modest environmental programs in the media 4. Level of commitment of non-governmental education 5. Limited funding 6. Lack of environmental awareness in government institutions 7. Lack of enforcement of existing regulations VII. Eutrophication 1. No problems recorded ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Prepared By M. Nader & S. Talhouk June, 2002
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