Project for the preparation of a Strategic Action Plan for the ...

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SAP-BIO-Lebanon National Report Page 4 of 95 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ Table of Contents I. Introduction......................................................................................................................................7 1. Background information .............................................................................................................7 1.1. The new "Protocol concerning Specially Protected Areas and Biological Diversity in the Mediterranean" ...................................................................................................................................7 1.2. Convention on Biological Diversity.............................................................................................7 2. RAC/SPA and the Preparation of a Strategic Action Plan for Biodiversity in the Mediterranean (SAP BIO) .............................................................................................................8 2.1 SAP BIO objectives........................................................................................................................8 2.2 Objectives of the National Report ................................................................................................8 II. Basic information on status in the country.................................................................9 1. Physical environment of the Lebanese coastal zone ..........................................................9 1.1. Fresh water resources and quality ...........................................................................................10 1.2. Continental shelf .........................................................................................................................10 1.3. Sea currents.................................................................................................................................10 1.4. Sedimentary processes...............................................................................................................10 1.5. Water pollution ..........................................................................................................................10 1.6. Nutrients ......................................................................................................................................11 2. Marine and Coastal biodiversity ............................................................................................11 3. Documents and information available in the country ....................................................12 4. Relevant activities that have been implemented at the national level.......................12 4.1 Biodiversity Enabling Activity (Phase I) ...................................................................................12 4.2 Biodiversity Enabling Activity (Phase II)..................................................................................12 4.3 Project for Strengthening the Permitting and Auditing System for Industries (February 2000 –May 2002, SPASI, EU/MOE).................................................................................................12 4.4 Environmental Impact Assessment Unit (1997-2002, World Bank/MOE) ............................12 4.5 Hazardous Waste Program (2001-2002/METAP/MOE) .........................................................13 4.6 Coastal Area Management Program, (September 2001-September 2003, UNEP- MAP/MOE) ........................................................................................................................................13 4.7 Lebanese Environment and Development Observatory (LEDO, 1999-2002, UNDP/EU/MOE)................................................................................................................................14 4.8 Medwet Coast (March 2002-March 2006, MoE/FFEN/UNDP) ..............................................14 4.9 Integrated Coastal Zone Management ......................................................................................14 4.10 Preservation of the cultural heritage and development of tourism ......................................14 4.11 National land use planning .......................................................................................................15 4.12 Protected Areas Project (November 1996-November 2002, MoE/UNDP/GEF)..................15 4.13 Agrobiodiversity Project (June 1999-June 2004, LARI/UNDP/GEF) ..................................15 4.14 Investment Planning Program, Environment.........................................................................15 4.15 Integrated Coastal Management between Jbeil/Amsheet (Lebanon) and Latakia (Syria) 15 5. Identified gaps...............................................................................................................................16 6. Relevant on-going and/or planned activities ......................................................................16 7. Responsible national structures or institutions present in the country....................18 8. Present level of national capacity in the country..............................................................19 9. Level of public awareness .........................................................................................................20 10. Level of government and local authority awareness.....................................................20 11. Role of NGOs in the conservation process........................................................................21 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Prepared By M. Nader & S. Talhouk June, 2002
SAP-BIO-Lebanon National Report Page 5 of 95 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ 12. Major stakeholders involved or to be involved in the process ..................................21 13. Existing legal regulations ........................................................................................................22 14. List of international Conventions, Protocols, etc. signed/ratified ............................23 14.1 The international conventions, Treaties and Protocols Signed or ratified by Lebanon (MOE) .................................................................................................................................................23 14.2 Marine and Coastal Biodiversity List......................................................................................25 III. Analysis of the present situation....................................................................................37 1. Issues and problems relevant to the country of Lebanon..............................................38 2. Major threats resulting from the problems relevant to the country of Lebanon .47 IV. Priorities for action................................................................................................................57 Priority Action 1: Establish conservation strategies for coastal habitats.....................57 Priority Action 2: Updating of legislation and development of guidelines for marine and coastal conservation ................................................................................................................58 Priority Action 3: Awareness campaigns for the Lebanese coastal communities and the public sector ................................................................................................................................59 Priority Action 4: Develop monitoring strategies for marine and coastal biodiversity..........................................................................................................................................60 Priority Action 5: Determine the physical parameters of the Lebanese marine environment........................................................................................................................................61 Appendix I. Literature review of publications related to aquatic and coastal biodiversity .........................................................................................................................65 Appendix II. List of Participants ........................................................................................93 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Prepared By M. Nader & S. Talhouk June, 2002
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