GEOLOGY OF THE PENGKALAN HULU-BETONG TRANSECT ...

CONTENTS
ix
Page
PREFACE ...................................................................................................................... iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ..................................................................................................iv
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................v
CONTENTS .......................................................................................................................ix
LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................x
1. INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................1
2. PREVIOUS WORKS AND GEOLOGIC SETTING......................................................4
2.1 Previous Works..........................................................................................................4
2.2 Geologic Setting.........................................................................................................6
2.2.1 Geologic setting of the Malaysian side...............................................................6
2.2.2 Geologic setting of the Thai side ......................................................................10
3. LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY .............................................................................................16
3.1 Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rocks.....................................................................16
3.1.1 The Kroh formation/Betong Formation (SDkr/bt) ..............................................16
3.1.2 The Kubang Pasu/Yaha Formation (Ckp/yh) ......................................................22
3.1.3 The Ratburi Group (P) ......................................................................................31
3.1.4 The Gerik formation (Pgk).................................................................................39
3.1.5 The Berapit formation (Kbr)..............................................................................43
3.2 Quaternary Geology.................................................................................................44
3.2.1 Nenering beds/Ai Yoe Boe Chang Gravel beds (Qnn/ay)...................................44
3.2.2 Recent fluvial deposit (Qa)................................................................................51
3.3 Igneous Rocks..........................................................................................................52
3.3.1 Rimba Telui/Si Nakhon granite (Trgrrt/sn)..........................................................53
3.3.2 Bintang granite (Trgrbt)......................................................................................55
3.3.3 Chantharat granite (Trgrch).................................................................................56
3.3.4 Damar granite (Trgrdm) ......................................................................................57
3.3.5 Batu Puteh/Pa Ret Tu granite (Trgrbp/pr) ............................................................58
3.3.6 Kawi granite (Trgrkw).........................................................................................59
4. STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY AND TECTONICS ........................................................60
5. ECONOMIC GEOLOGY..............................................................................................62
5.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................62
5.2 Metallic Minerals.....................................................................................................63
5.2.1 Tin.....................................................................................................................63
5.2.2 Tungsten............................................................................................................68
5.2.3 Heavy minerals .................................................................................................68
5.2.4 Gold...................................................................................................................68
5.3 Non-Metallic Minerals and Hot Springs..................................................................69
5.3.1 Barite.................................................................................................................69
5.3.2 Rock aggregates................................................................................................70
5.3.3 Sand and gravels ...............................................................................................70
5.3.4 Volcanic rocks with high flux content..............................................................72
5.3.5 Hot springs........................................................................................................72
6. DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS .......................................................................73
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY.........................................................................................76
APPENDICES ...................................................................................................................80