GEOLOGY OF THE PENGKALAN HULU-BETONG TRANSECT ...

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iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The Malaysia-Thailand Working Group would like to thank the Minerals and Geoscience Department, Malaysia (JMG) and the Department of Mineral Resources, Thailand (DMR) for their support and funding of this project. Thanks are also due to the Malaysia and Thailand military, provincial and border police officials for their help, especially in security matters. The Malaysian Working Group would like to thanks to Dr. Mohd Shafeea bin Leman, Professor, Geology Programme, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, who has helped us to identify the trilobite and brachiopod samples collected on the Malaysian side of the Transect area. The Thai Working Group would like to extend their thanks to Dr. Thanis Wongwanich the former Director of the Bureau of Geological Survey Division, Department of Mineral Resources, Thailand, for his encouragements during the study. Last but not least, thanks are also due to all JMG and DMR officers and staffs for their support and assistance during the fieldwork and preparation of this report.
Geology of the Pengkalan Hulu-Betong Transect area along the Malaysia-Thailand border by The Malaysia-Thailand Working Group EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Detailed systematic geological mapping in the Pengkalan Hulu-Betong Transect area on the scales 1:100,000 and 1:250,000 (using the 1:50,000 base maps) was carried out by the Malaysian Working Group (Appendix 1) during parts of November 2002, January, February, March and May 2003. On the Thai side, detailed geological mapping on similar scales was carried out independently by the Thailand Working Group (Appendix 2) during February 2003 and re-checked during April 2003. Joint field checks at selected localities along the Transect area by geoscientists from both Malaysia and Thailand were conducted on the Malaysian side (25 th to 28 th April 2003) and on the Thai side (29 th April to 1 st May 2003). Problems in discontinuity among time rock unit boundaries between the Palaeozoic rocks to Quaternary deposits, and the extension of granitic rocks (including the mineral association), have been satisfactorily resolved. The oldest rock unit, the Silurian-Devonian succession of the Kroh formation/Betong Formation (SDkr/bt) consists mainly of very thin- to thin-bedded carbonaceous shale (often siliceous), mudstone, siltstone, sandstone with subordinate chert and argillaceous limestone lenses in the middle to upper part of the rock sequence. These rocks are commonly metamorphosed to hornfels, calc-silicate hornfels, metasandstone and marble. The succession is well exposed along the road-cuts in the middle and southwestern parts of the Transect area. The thickness of the Silurian-Devonian rocks from representative section exeeds 100 m. Fossil assemblages such as Spirograptus, Tentaculites elegans, Tentaculites sp. and Styliolina were found in the shale strata indicate that the age of the rock sequence is Silurian-Devonian. The undifferentiated Carboniferous clastic rocks of the Kubang Pasu/Yaha Formation (Ckp/yh) are largely exposed in the northwestern, middle and southeastern parts of the Transect area. Some roof pendants of this rock unit are confined to the middle part of the Rimba Telui/Si Nakhon granite (Trgrrt/sn) belt. The rock sequence of the Kubang Pasu/Yaha Formation (Ckp/yh) with total thickness of more than 800 m is characterized by the presence of very thin- to medium-bedded sandstone, siltstone, shale and chert at the lower part; and thick- to very thick-bedded sandstone, argillite, and minor ribbon chert and limestone lenses at the upper part of the formation. In the central-eastern part of the Transect area, the succession can be lithologically subdivided into two facies i.e. the argillaceous and arenaceous facies. The former is well exposed and forms a low relief in the middle part of the area, near the Chantharat granite (Thailand). It is usually affected by local deformations and low grade metamorphism that had taken place in the shear and contact zones, and progrades to thin- to medium-banded phyllite, phyllitic schist, mica schist and quartz schist with minor quartzite and calc-silicate. The thickness of this facies is inconclusive due to strong folding of the strata. The arenaceous facies is well exposed along several road-cuts on high relief terrains. It is characterized by the presence of medium- to very thick-bedded sandstone, quartzite and minor argillite with inconclusive v
Page 5 and 6: GEOLOGY OF THE PENGKALAN HULU-BETON
Page 7: PREFACE This report together with t
Page 11: granite (Trgrbp/pr) and Kawi granit
Page 14 and 15: x LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1: Lo
Page 17 and 18: 1. INTRODUCTION The Malaysia-Thaila
Page 19 and 20: On the Thai side, detailed systemat
Page 21 and 22: Basir Jasin (1995) reported the occ
Page 23 and 24: Permian as indicated by the presenc
Page 25 and 26: Central - North Peninsular Malaysia
Page 27 and 28: The Permian Ratburi Group (Prb), un
Page 29 and 30: Figure 5: General succession of the
Page 31 and 32: Era CENOZOIC MESOZOIC P A L A E O Z
Page 33 and 34: strong isoclinal folding, faulting,
Page 35 and 36: A B Figure 8: Argillaceous facies o
Page 37 and 38: Fossils and age According to the ea
Page 39 and 40: metaconglomerate occurs in the uppe
Page 41 and 42: The lower part of the formation is
Page 43 and 44: Figure 14: Stratigraphic sequence o
Page 45 and 46: A Figure 16: Photographs showing th
Page 47 and 48: the banks of small rivers and strea
Page 49 and 50: Figure 18: Stratigraphic sequence o
Page 51 and 52: A C Figure 20: Photographs of the u
Page 53 and 54: Lithology The Tham Krachaeng format
Page 55 and 56: 3.1.4 The Gerik formation (Pgk) The
Page 57 and 58: Small amounts of interbedded sedime
Page 59 and 60:
Depositional environment Based on t
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nomenclature of the Nenering beds (
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A B Figure 33: Exposures of the Nen
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A B Figure 35: Outcrop of Basal Gra
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The rock sequence of the Nenering b
Page 69 and 70:
3.3.1 Rimba Telui/Si Nakhon granite
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3.3.2 Bintang granite (Trgrbt) Dist
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A B Figure 41: The Chantharat grani
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intrusion of the granitoids mention
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The Silurian-Devonian rock sequence
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5.2 Metallic Minerals The occurrenc
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arsenopyrite and grossularite are c
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British American Tin Mines Company
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5.3 Non-Metallic Minerals and Hot S
Page 87 and 88:
Figure 50: Limestone quarry at Buki
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Ban Bor Nam Ron, 9 km north of Beto
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well-cemented, poorly sorted matrix
Page 93 and 94:
Foo, K.Y., 1990. Geology and Minera
Page 95 and 96:
Sashida, K., Nakornsri, N., Ueno, K
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Appendix 1: List of the Malaysian W
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Appendix 3: XRD analysis results fo
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GEOLOGY OF THE PENGKALAN HULU-BETONG TRANSECT ...

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