GEOLOGY OF THE PENGKALAN HULU-BETONG TRANSECT ...

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58 A Figure 42: The Damar granite (Trgrdm) at Kampung Belukar Semang, Malaysia. A- Grey to light grey, fine- to medium-grained, equigranular granite. B- Photomicrograph of muscovite and biotite crystals which is common in Damar granite. Xenoliths made up of host rocks are scarce in the Damar granite (Trgrdm). The size of the xenoliths is commonly a few centimetres across. Their shapes range from circular spots to patches having elliptical, oval, or sometimes irregular forms. The Damar granite (Trgrdm) is associated with economical deposits of tin ore. These occur in the Sungai Pong basin to the west of the Transect area (Burton, 1970). The Damar granite (Trgrdm) is classified as S-type granite, similar to the Bintang granite (Trgrbt) and Rimba Telui/Si Nakhon granite (Trgrrt/sn). 3.3.5 Batu Puteh/Pa Ret Tu granite (Trgrbp/pr) Distribution On the Malaysian side, the Batu Puteh/Pa Ret Tu granite (Trgrbp/pr) occurs as small isolated bodies within the Rimba Telui/Si Nakhon granite (Trgrrt/sn). It can be observed in the Ulu Muda area, Kedah. On the Thai side, the exposure of Batu Puteh/Pa Ret Tu granite (Trgrbp/pr) is restricted between the middle part of the Rimba Telui/Si Nakhon granite (Trgrrt/sn) and Chantharat granite (Trgrch). This granite is well exposed at Ai Yoe Weng village (Figure 43). Petrography The Batu Puteh/Pa Ret Tu granite (Trgrbp/pr) on the Malaysian side is characterized by grey to light grey, fine- to medium-grained, equigranular to inequigranular biotitemuscovite granite. The main mineral constituents are quartz, alkali feldspar, plagioclase, biotite and muscovite. Tourmaline also occurs in significant amount. Accessory minerals comprise apatite, zircon, rutile, epidote and opaque minerals. Alkali feldspar comprises predominantly orthoclase and some microcline. On the Thai side, Batu Puteh/Pa Ret Tu granite (Trgrbp/pr) is characterized by its leucocratic, fine- to medium-grained, equigranular to inequigranular texture, tourmalinebiotite granite. This granite shows a mixture of characteristics and relics belonging to the Rimba Telui/Si Nakhon granite (Trgrrt/sn) and Chantharat granite (Trgrch), which suggests that the Batu Puteh/Pa Ret Tu granite (Trgrbp/pr) granite pluton was formed as late stage B
intrusion of the granitoids mentioned obove. A circular feature can also be recognised from lithological mapping and from satellite imageries. Figure 43: Leucocratic, fine-to medium-grained, equigranular to inequigranular texture, in nature and tourmaline-biotite granite, of Pa Ret Tu granite (Trgrbp/pr). Location: Ai Yoe Weng village, Thailand. 3.3.6 Kawi granite (Trgrkw) Distribution The Kawi granite (Trgrkw) is only exposed on the Malaysian side. It occurs as small isolated bodies in the Rimba Telui/Si Nakhon granite (Trgrrt/sn). It can be observed in the Ulu Muda area. Petrography The Kawi granite (Trgrkw) is characterized by fine- to medium-grained, light grey, leucocratic, equigranular biotite granite. The main mineral constituents are quartz, alkali feldspar, plagioclase and biotite. Accessory minerals comprise apatite, zircon, sericite and opaque minerals. Age and correlation On the Malaysian side, the nearest sample of the Rimba Telui/Si Nakhon granite (Trgrrt/sn) to the Transect area is at Sungai Sok (6 o 02′ 15″ N, 100 o 48′ 30″ E). Bignell (1972) concluded that this porphyritic biotite granite gives an age of 190 + 10 Ma (K/Ar), which is late Triassic. Snelling (1965) was the first worker who had done an age dating of the Bintang granite (Trgrbt) based on a specimen collected from Waterfall Road Quarry (4 o 51′ 45″ N, 100 o 45′ 45″ E) in the Taiping area, 80 km further south to of the Transect area. The age obtained from the whole rock and potash feldspar is a Late Triassic age, 200+8 Ma. Later, Darbyshire (1988) reported that modal age calculations for a sample from Maxwell’s Hill gave 207 to 214 Ma (assuming initial ratios of 0.720–0.710 respectively), which confirms a Late Triassic age. Thus it can be concluded that both the Rimba Telui/Si Nakhon granite (Trgrrt/sn) and Bintang granite (Trgrbt) was emplaced probably during the Triassic period. There is no direct evidence currently available regarding the absolute age of the Damar granite (Trgrdm). It is only known that the Damar granite (Trgrdm) intruded the Early Silurian-Devonian Kroh formation (SDkr). Geologically, the Damar granite (Trgrdm) has 59
Page 5 and 6:
GEOLOGY OF THE PENGKALAN HULU-BETON
Page 7 and 8:
PREFACE This report together with t
Page 9 and 10:
Geology of the Pengkalan Hulu-Beton
Page 11:
granite (Trgrbp/pr) and Kawi granit
Page 14 and 15:
x LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1: Lo
Page 17 and 18:
1. INTRODUCTION The Malaysia-Thaila
Page 19 and 20:
On the Thai side, detailed systemat
Page 21 and 22:
Basir Jasin (1995) reported the occ
Page 23 and 24: Permian as indicated by the presenc
Page 25 and 26: Central - North Peninsular Malaysia
Page 27 and 28: The Permian Ratburi Group (Prb), un
Page 29 and 30: Figure 5: General succession of the
Page 31 and 32: Era CENOZOIC MESOZOIC P A L A E O Z
Page 33 and 34: strong isoclinal folding, faulting,
Page 35 and 36: A B Figure 8: Argillaceous facies o
Page 37 and 38: Fossils and age According to the ea
Page 39 and 40: metaconglomerate occurs in the uppe
Page 41 and 42: The lower part of the formation is
Page 43 and 44: Figure 14: Stratigraphic sequence o
Page 45 and 46: A Figure 16: Photographs showing th
Page 47 and 48: the banks of small rivers and strea
Page 49 and 50: Figure 18: Stratigraphic sequence o
Page 51 and 52: A C Figure 20: Photographs of the u
Page 53 and 54: Lithology The Tham Krachaeng format
Page 55 and 56: 3.1.4 The Gerik formation (Pgk) The
Page 57 and 58: Small amounts of interbedded sedime
Page 59 and 60: Depositional environment Based on t
Page 61 and 62: nomenclature of the Nenering beds (
Page 63 and 64: A B Figure 33: Exposures of the Nen
Page 65 and 66: A B Figure 35: Outcrop of Basal Gra
Page 67 and 68: The rock sequence of the Nenering b
Page 69 and 70: 3.3.1 Rimba Telui/Si Nakhon granite
Page 71 and 72: 3.3.2 Bintang granite (Trgrbt) Dist
Page 73: A B Figure 41: The Chantharat grani
Page 77 and 78: The Silurian-Devonian rock sequence
Page 79 and 80: 5.2 Metallic Minerals The occurrenc
Page 81 and 82: arsenopyrite and grossularite are c
Page 83 and 84: British American Tin Mines Company
Page 85 and 86: 5.3 Non-Metallic Minerals and Hot S
Page 87 and 88: Figure 50: Limestone quarry at Buki
Page 89 and 90: Ban Bor Nam Ron, 9 km north of Beto
Page 91 and 92: well-cemented, poorly sorted matrix
Page 93 and 94: Foo, K.Y., 1990. Geology and Minera
Page 95 and 96: Sashida, K., Nakornsri, N., Ueno, K
Page 97 and 98: Appendix 1: List of the Malaysian W
Page 99 and 100: Appendix 3: XRD analysis results fo
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