GEOLOGY OF THE PENGKALAN HULU-BETONG TRANSECT ...

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70 5.3.2 Rock aggregates These resources are widespread in the Transect area. The reserves are sufficient enough to be quarried for construction materials and also to supply the raw material for various industrial products i.e. dimension stone, Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC), Grinded Calcium Carbonate (GCC), filler and etc. However detailed study on the quality, their economic potential and environmental impact is needed. On the Malaysian side, the granite supplies are available mainly from the Bintang granite (Trgrbt) in the west and from Rimba Telui granite (Trgrrt) in the north of Gerik town. Abundant supplies of metasandstone and quartzite are available from the arenaceoues facies of the Keroh formation (SDkr) and the Kubang Pasu Formation (Ckp). Crystalline limestones are available from the calcareous member of the Silurian-Devonian Keroh formation (SDkr) and in the Gerik formation (Pgk). There are two abandoned quarries, which supplied rocks aggregate for the Temengor and Bersia Dam construction project. The quarries are metatuff quarry at Bersia and quartzite quarry at Jalan Ayer Ganda, south of Gerik. Currently there is only one quarry still operating due to the low demand from the construction projects in the study area. There is only one limestone quarry still operating at Bukit Jagor, near Gerik town which supply rock aggregates to the surrounding areas. However, the quarry operation is temporal and entirely dependent on local demand i.e. the quarry normally closed temporarily when there is no order received (Figure 50). On the Thai side, most of limestone products have been exploited in Yala Province. Almost all of them are produced for construction materials and a few for dimension stone (Figure 51). Based on the year 2001 record, approximately 698,000 tonnes of limestone were produced from eight quarries. 5.3.3 Sand and gravels Sand and gravel can be used as basic material in construction industry. Sand is also used as fine aggregates in dry concrete products as well as in cement bricks and filtering materials. However, the deposits are rare in the Transect area and confined to the upper stream of the main rivers. On the Malaysian side, the deposits are only available in substantial quantity in the main river valleys such as along the valleys of Sungai Rui and Sungai Pong (Figure 52). Alternative supplies of sand and gravels may be exploited from thick sequence of semiconsolidated sand, grit and gravel of the Nenering beds (Qnn). Tailing from the tin mines such as gravel and sand also can be used for contruction material. Siti Faridah et al. (2002) mentioned that there are five river sand producers in the Gerik area and three mine tailing sand producers at the Kelian Intan area. On the Thai side, there are at least two localities of sand and gravel deposits. They are confined along the Pattani river i.e., at Ban Kor Mor 32 and at Ban Bor Nam Ron Betong District. At Ban Bor Nam Ron, the sand and gravels are exploited from tailing of tin mines. Generally, most of sand and gravel have been produced for construction material.
Figure 50: Limestone quarry at Bukit Jagor, Gerik, Malaysia. A B Figure 51: Quarries in Yala Province, Thailand. A- Limestone aggregates quarry, Betong District. B- Abandoned marble quarry in the Tham Thalu mining area. A Figure 52: Sand mining in Sungai Pong, Kelian Intan area, Malaysia A- The sand dredging pump B- The sand stockpile B 71
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GEOLOGY OF THE PENGKALAN HULU-BETON
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PREFACE This report together with t
Page 9 and 10:
Geology of the Pengkalan Hulu-Beton
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granite (Trgrbp/pr) and Kawi granit
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x LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1: Lo
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1. INTRODUCTION The Malaysia-Thaila
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On the Thai side, detailed systemat
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Basir Jasin (1995) reported the occ
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Permian as indicated by the presenc
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Central - North Peninsular Malaysia
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The Permian Ratburi Group (Prb), un
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Figure 5: General succession of the
Page 31 and 32:
Era CENOZOIC MESOZOIC P A L A E O Z
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strong isoclinal folding, faulting,
Page 35 and 36: A B Figure 8: Argillaceous facies o
Page 37 and 38: Fossils and age According to the ea
Page 39 and 40: metaconglomerate occurs in the uppe
Page 41 and 42: The lower part of the formation is
Page 43 and 44: Figure 14: Stratigraphic sequence o
Page 45 and 46: A Figure 16: Photographs showing th
Page 47 and 48: the banks of small rivers and strea
Page 49 and 50: Figure 18: Stratigraphic sequence o
Page 51 and 52: A C Figure 20: Photographs of the u
Page 53 and 54: Lithology The Tham Krachaeng format
Page 55 and 56: 3.1.4 The Gerik formation (Pgk) The
Page 57 and 58: Small amounts of interbedded sedime
Page 59 and 60: Depositional environment Based on t
Page 61 and 62: nomenclature of the Nenering beds (
Page 63 and 64: A B Figure 33: Exposures of the Nen
Page 65 and 66: A B Figure 35: Outcrop of Basal Gra
Page 67 and 68: The rock sequence of the Nenering b
Page 69 and 70: 3.3.1 Rimba Telui/Si Nakhon granite
Page 71 and 72: 3.3.2 Bintang granite (Trgrbt) Dist
Page 73 and 74: A B Figure 41: The Chantharat grani
Page 75 and 76: intrusion of the granitoids mention
Page 77 and 78: The Silurian-Devonian rock sequence
Page 79 and 80: 5.2 Metallic Minerals The occurrenc
Page 81 and 82: arsenopyrite and grossularite are c
Page 83 and 84: British American Tin Mines Company
Page 85: 5.3 Non-Metallic Minerals and Hot S
Page 89 and 90: Ban Bor Nam Ron, 9 km north of Beto
Page 91 and 92: well-cemented, poorly sorted matrix
Page 93 and 94: Foo, K.Y., 1990. Geology and Minera
Page 95 and 96: Sashida, K., Nakornsri, N., Ueno, K
Page 97 and 98: Appendix 1: List of the Malaysian W
Page 99 and 100: Appendix 3: XRD analysis results fo
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GEOLOGY OF THE PENGKALAN HULU-BETONG TRANSECT ...

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