GEOLOGY OF THE PENGKALAN HULU-BETONG TRANSECT ...

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72 5.3.4 Volcanic rocks with high flux content Large amounts of feldspar are available in the tuff of the Gerik formation in Malaysia and they may be potential sources for feldspar extraction. Feldspar mineral is an important raw material for industrial product such as in glass making industries, ceramic etc. Results from XRD (Appendix 3) and geochemistry (Appendix 4) analyses for a number of volcanic rocks samples collected during the survey indicated high flux content but a follow-up detailed survey is recommended to obtain more accurate volume estimate and its economic potential. On the Thai side, there is so far no record of feldspar deposits. 5.3.5 Hot springs Hot spring discharging water rich in dissolved minerals are known at many localities in and around the Transect area. The water is related to the final cooling phase of magmatic activity. On the Malaysian side, hot springs are located at, Pengkalan Hulu and along the Lebey fault (after Sungai Lebey). The hot springs cut through the metasedimentary rocks of the Kroh formation (SDkr) close to the granite bodies. The water temperature at Kampung Ayer Panas hot spring is up to 91 o C. The other three are located outside of the study area: i. in the valley of Sungai Kenering emerged from the Bintang granite (Trgrbt) at Kampung Ayer Panas, ii. at 4 km South of Gerik from bedded tuff and iii. at Kampung Ulu Legong, Baling from granite (49 o C). The hot springs at Kampung Ayer Panas, Pengkalan Hulu and at Kampung Ulu Legong, Baling have already been developed for tourist attraction (Figure 53). A B Figure 53: Hot springs in Malaysia. A- Hot spring at Ulu Legong, Baling District, Kedah. B- Hot spring at Kampung.Ayer Panas, Pengkalan Hulu, Perak. On the Thai side, there are two hot spring sites have been identified (Figure 54). The first site is one of the famous tourist attractions for Betong District which is located at
Ban Bor Nam Ron, 9 km north of Betong town. The hot spring occurs along the N -S trending fault located on the contact between the Betong Formation (SDbt) and Pa Ret Tu granite (Trgrpr). The water temperature is up to 60 o – 70 o C. The second site is at Ban Na Kor, 38 km northeast of Betong town. It is originated from the NW-SE trending fault located on the contact between the Yaha Formation (Cyh) and Chantharat granite (Trgrch). The water temperature is approximately 40 o – 50 o C. It is now being developed into a tourist attraction. Due to its rich content in dissolved minerals and high temperature, the hot spring water is believed to have some therapeutic value. The high temperature hot spring might be developed for thermal power. However, its development is subjected to further detailed studies. A Figure 54: Hot springs in Thailand. A- Hot spring at Ban Bor Nam Ron, Betong District. B- Hot spring at Ban Na Kor, Betong District. 6. DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS Discussion i. The sandstone unit formerly considered as part of the upper Cambrian-Ordovisian Papulut quartzite (Burton, 1972) that exposed in the Gunung Kenderong and Kerunai areas, Malaysia is now considered as part of arenaceous facies of the Carboniferous Kubang Pasu/Yaha Formation (Ckp/yh). It is because the rock unit is now found startigraphically overlying the Silurian-Devonian Kroh formation (SDkr), the oldest rock unit within the Transect area. ii. Thick sequence of arenaceous rocks formerly known as the arenaceous facies of the Kroh formation (SDkr) that occur in the eastern part of the Transect area on the Malaysian side has been recognised to actually present the locally metamorphosed unit of the Kubang Pasu Formation (Ckp). This has solved the question of having a thick sequence of sandstone in a well known deep water environment of the Kroh formation (SDkr). iii. The Kati formation, which was formerly believed to cover the central north part of the Betong-Pengkalan Hulu Transect area on Malaysian side, has been proven to be B 73
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GEOLOGY OF THE PENGKALAN HULU-BETON
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PREFACE This report together with t
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Geology of the Pengkalan Hulu-Beton
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granite (Trgrbp/pr) and Kawi granit
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x LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1: Lo
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1. INTRODUCTION The Malaysia-Thaila
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On the Thai side, detailed systemat
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Basir Jasin (1995) reported the occ
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Permian as indicated by the presenc
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Central - North Peninsular Malaysia
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The Permian Ratburi Group (Prb), un
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Figure 5: General succession of the
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Era CENOZOIC MESOZOIC P A L A E O Z
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strong isoclinal folding, faulting,
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A B Figure 8: Argillaceous facies o
Page 37 and 38: Fossils and age According to the ea
Page 39 and 40: metaconglomerate occurs in the uppe
Page 41 and 42: The lower part of the formation is
Page 43 and 44: Figure 14: Stratigraphic sequence o
Page 45 and 46: A Figure 16: Photographs showing th
Page 47 and 48: the banks of small rivers and strea
Page 49 and 50: Figure 18: Stratigraphic sequence o
Page 51 and 52: A C Figure 20: Photographs of the u
Page 53 and 54: Lithology The Tham Krachaeng format
Page 55 and 56: 3.1.4 The Gerik formation (Pgk) The
Page 57 and 58: Small amounts of interbedded sedime
Page 59 and 60: Depositional environment Based on t
Page 61 and 62: nomenclature of the Nenering beds (
Page 63 and 64: A B Figure 33: Exposures of the Nen
Page 65 and 66: A B Figure 35: Outcrop of Basal Gra
Page 67 and 68: The rock sequence of the Nenering b
Page 69 and 70: 3.3.1 Rimba Telui/Si Nakhon granite
Page 71 and 72: 3.3.2 Bintang granite (Trgrbt) Dist
Page 73 and 74: A B Figure 41: The Chantharat grani
Page 75 and 76: intrusion of the granitoids mention
Page 77 and 78: The Silurian-Devonian rock sequence
Page 79 and 80: 5.2 Metallic Minerals The occurrenc
Page 81 and 82: arsenopyrite and grossularite are c
Page 83 and 84: British American Tin Mines Company
Page 85 and 86: 5.3 Non-Metallic Minerals and Hot S
Page 87: Figure 50: Limestone quarry at Buki
Page 91 and 92: well-cemented, poorly sorted matrix
Page 93 and 94: Foo, K.Y., 1990. Geology and Minera
Page 95 and 96: Sashida, K., Nakornsri, N., Ueno, K
Page 97 and 98: Appendix 1: List of the Malaysian W
Page 99 and 100: Appendix 3: XRD analysis results fo
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