SPHENOPHRYNE - American Museum of Natural History

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110 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 253 Fig. 67. Dorsal (upper) and ventral views of skulls of Oxydactyla and Austrochaperina. A. O. stenodactyla, AMNH A92802. B. O. coggeri, AMNH A140874. C. A. brevipes, AMNH A130527. Scale bars measure 4 mm. ranges from 0.293 to 0.500 (table 14). In 15 species the ratio is 0.400, two single-specimen samples slightly exceed this figure at 0.412 and 0.425, and one sample (N 6) averages 0.410 (range 0.382–0.448). Two other samples of five and six specimens each have similar variation but much lower means. Within the assemblage, Sphenophryne cornuta stands out with more greatly expanded diapophyses. Its mean (0.467) and range (0.446–0.500, N 3) are markedly displaced from those of other species. Only Austrochaperina derongo (mean 0.410, range 0.382–0.448, N 6) approaches cornuta. COCCYX: The coccyx articulates freely on paired sacral condyles in all specimens. In none of the specimens are there well-developed diapophyses (figs. 72, 73). The two largest single-species samples, Austrochaperina derongo and Oxydactyla stenodactyla (N 6) each include individuals with no trace of diapophyses and others with one short pair, which is the maximum extent seen in any specimen. Therefore, I find nothing in the morphology of the coccyx of systematic utility. PECTORAL GIRDLE: Evolutionary modifications of the microhylid pectoral girdle involve the reduction or deletion of ventral elements, any of which of the complete firmisternal primitive set of ventral elements (exemplified by Rana) except the coracoids may be involved. The girdles of the species studied here, examined by dissection in species for which cleared-and-stained specimens were not available, are among the more primitive in the family. They have in common the most complete set of elements of any Australopapuan microhylid (Genyophryninae and Asterophryinae) in that they possess bony coracoids and elongate clavicles, cartilaginous procoracoids, and a cartilaginous sternal plate (see Zweifel, 1985b: fig. 51, for two typical examples). A number of genera of Madagascar and Asia are more
2000 ZWEIFEL: PARTITION OF SPHENOPHRYNE 111 Fig. 68. Dorsal (upper) and ventral views of skulls of Austrochaperina and Liophryne. A. A. rivularis, AMNH A84445. B. L. rhododactyla, BPBM 9793. C. L. allisoni, BPBM 9631. Scale bars measure 5 mm. primitive in that they possess, in addition to the elements mentioned above, a cartilaginous omosternum. According to Parker (1934), only one microhylid genus, Dyscophus of Madagascar, has a bony style to the omosternum, and none has a bony sternum. The sternum shows some degree of mineralization in almost all the species studied, although it is slight in one of two Austrochaperina basipalmata and one of three Sphenophryne cornuta and is very slight in an Oxydactyla coggeri. The exception is O. Fig. 69. Hyoids of Oxydactyla, Austrochaperina, and Liophryne in ventral view. Light stipple indicates cartilage, denser stipple mineralization. Proportions of bony posteromedial processes, which pass into the plane of the drawing, are distorted by foreshortening. A. O. stenodactyla, AMNH A66049. B. A. brevipes, AMNH A130527. C. L. rhododactyla, BPBM 9793. Scale lines marked in millimeters.
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SPHENOPHRYNE - American Museum of Natural History

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