SPHENOPHRYNE - American Museum of Natural History

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12 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 253 Fig. 4. Holotype of Austrochaperina adamantina, AMNH A78185, SVL 28.1 mm. 0.125, EN/SVL 0.073, IN/SVL 0.098, HD/ SVL 0.224, FT/SVL 0.445, third finger disc/ SVL 0.041, fourth toe disc/SVL 0.043. Head narrow, snout truncate seen from above, slightly rounded in profile; canthus rostralis rounded but moderately distinct, loreal region nearly vertical, slightly concave, nares not visible from above; eyes (corneal outline) visible from below; eyelid about as wide as interorbital space; tympanic ring scarcely evident externally. Relative lengths of fingers 3 4 2 1, all well developed with broad, grooved discs, that of third finger about 2 penultimate phalanx; subarticular and inner metacarpal elevations low, rounded, scarcely evident (fig. 55E). Toes unwebbed, relative lengths 4 3 5 2 1, terminal discs well developed, that of fourth toe slightly broader than that of third finger; subarticular elevations scarcely evident (fig. 55E). Skin smooth dorsally and ventrally except for very slight wartiness on the lower back; a weak, diagonal postocularsupratympanic fold. Dorsum tan with indistinct darker mottling; side of face and upper lip from just below nostril to tympanic fold abruptly paler than top of snout. Undersides all pale with faint darker mottling, slightly darker on throat and hind legs; posterior of thighs pale with mottling darker than undersides but paler than dorsum and top of thighs. VARIATION IN TYPE SERIES: Only the single specimen is known. ILLUSTRATIONS: Hands and feet, fig. 55E. CALL: The call is unknown. COMPARISONS WITH OTHER SPECIES: At present only two other species of Austrochaperina are known from the Torricelli Mountains: A. basipalmata and A. aquilonia. The basally webbed toes should immediately distinguish basipalmata from adamantina. Other characters differentiating adamantina from basipalmata include smaller size (gravid at 28 mm SVL vs. minimum size at maturity of 33 mm), narrower head (HW/SVL 0.338 vs. minimum of 0.343), and larger eyes (EY/SVL 0.125 vs. maximum of 0.112). See the account of A. aquilonia for comparison with that species. The relatively small size of adamantina distinguishes it from other species with similar proportions. HABITAT AND HABITS: Nothing is on record. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality in the Torricelli Mountains on the north coast of Papua New Guinea (fig. 7). Austrochaperina aquilonia, new species Figure 5 HOLOTYPE: AMNH A78186, collected by Jared Diamond during July 3–8, 1966, in West Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea, on Mount Somoro, 9.5 km N, 10.5 km E of Lumi at an elevation between 730 and 1420 m. PARATYPE: AMS R130405, collected by Tim Flannery on June 11, 1988, in West Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea, at Wilbeite Village, 325S, 14207E (6.5 km N, 10 km E of Lumi, 800 m, on Papua New Guinea Topographic Survey 1:100,000 sheet no. 7391). ETYMOLOGY: The specific name, a Latin adjective meaning ‘‘northern,’’ refers to its habitat in the north coast mountains. DIAGNOSIS: The following combination of characters distinguishes this species: size moderate, males to 31 mm (no female specimens); toes unwebbed; hands small (HD/
2000 ZWEIFEL: PARTITION OF SPHENOPHRYNE 13 Fig. 5. Holotype of Austrochaperina aquilonia, AMNH A78186, SVL 31.0 mm. SVL 0.22–0.23); finger discs small (3rd finger disc/SVL 0.021–0.026), not or scarcely broader than penultimate phalanges; internarial span broad (IN/SVL 0.111–0.118). DESCRIPTION OF HOLOTYPE: Adult male (vocal slits present) with the following measurements and proportions (those of the paratype given in parentheses): SVL 31.0 (23.3), HW 11.2 (9.0), TL 12.7 (11.1), EY 3.4 (3.15), EN 2.3 (1.6), IN 3.45 (2.75), HD 7.1 (5.2), FT 13.6 (11.1), third finger disc 0.8 (penultimate phalanx 0.55) (0.6, phalanx 0.4), fourth toe disc 1.1 (0.6) (1.0, phalanx 0.5), TY 1.7 (1.9); HW/SVL 0.361 (0.386), TL/SVL 0.410 (0.476), EY/SVL 0.110 (0.135), IN/SVL 0.111 (0.118), EN/SVL 0.074 (0.069), EN/IN 0.667 (0.582), HD/ SVL 0.229 (0.223), FT/SVL 0.439 (0.476), FD/SVL 0.026 (0.021), TD/SVL 0.035 (0.043). Body relatively slender, head as wide as body, snout bluntly pointed as seen from above, protruding slightly in lateral view; nares just visible from above; canthus rostralis evident but rounded, loreal region a steep, flat slope; eyelid slightly narrower than interorbit, tympanic ring scarcely visible. Rel- ative lengths of fingers 3 4 2 1, the first half the length of second, all with grooved terminal discs at most only slightly wider than penultimate phalanges, subarticular elevations low, rounded (fig. 55F). Relative lengths of toes 4 3 5 2 1, all with grooved terminal discs wider than the penultimate phalanges, that of the fourth toe broadest. Subarticular elevations low, rounded, the inner metatarsal elevation elongate, rounded (fig. 55F). Dorsal skin surface slightly granular; a faint, curved, postorbitalsupratympanic fold. The dorsal ground color is pale graybrown, dominated by darker brown irregular spotting and mottling. On the limbs the pattern has more the appearance of pale spotting on a dark ground. The snout and face are dark brown with a faint lighter pattern on the upper lips. The anterior and posterior surfaces of the thighs are mottled; the palms and soles are essentially unmarked. The chin and chest are brown with coarse white spotting and mottling; the abdomen is pale with faint indication of darker patterning. The undersides of the hind limbs are pale with a slight darker pattern. VARIATION IN TYPE SERIES: The paratype is an adult male (vocal slits present) whose measurements and proportions are noted above. In color and pattern it closely resembles the holotype except that the patterning is even less distinct. ILLUSTRATIONS: Hands and feet, fig. 55F. CALL: The call is unknown. COMPARISONS WITH OTHER SPECIES: Only two other species of Austrochaperina are known from the Torricelli Mountains, A. basipalmata and A. adamantina. Basally webbed toes, narrower internarial distance, and broader finger discs distinguish basipalmata from aquilonia. Austrochaperina aquilonia and A. adamantina are similar in most respects but differ strikingly in the larger finger discs of the latter (fig. 55). This does not appear to result from difference in the state of preservation, as the two aquilonia, with smaller discs, are well preserved. Confirmation of other possible differences in proportions must await additional specimens. HABITAT AND HABITS: Nothing is on record. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type
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