SPHENOPHRYNE - American Museum of Natural History
SPHENOPHRYNE - American Museum of Natural History
SPHENOPHRYNE - American Museum of Natural History
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114 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 253<br />
Fig. 72. Outline drawings <strong>of</strong> sacral regions <strong>of</strong> Oxydactyla, Austrochaperina, and Liophryne in dorsal<br />
view; scale lines marked in millimeters. A. O. stenodactyla, AMNH A92799. B. O. alpestris, AMNH<br />
A65299. C. O. coggeri, AMNH A140874. D. A. brevipes, AMNH A130527. E. L. allisoni, BPBM 9631.<br />
F. L. rhododactyla, BPBM 9793. G. L. dentata, UPNG 2641. H. L. schlaginhaufeni, AMNH A78183.<br />
I. A. gracilipes, AMNH A90407.<br />
Data on advertisement calls unfortunately<br />
are sparse. I have recordings <strong>of</strong> just 14 New<br />
Guinean species in addition to the four Australian<br />
endemics: Austrochaperina adelphe<br />
(Australian), A. brevipes, A. derongo, A. fryi<br />
(Australian), A. gracilipes, A. guttata, A.<br />
macrorhyncha, A. pluvialis (Australian), A.<br />
rivularis, A. robusta (Australian), Liophryne<br />
allisoni, L. dentata, L. similis, L. rhododactyla,<br />
L. schlaginhaufeni, Oxydactyla coggeri,<br />
O. crassa, and Sphenophryne cornuta. In addition,<br />
there are casual verbal descriptions <strong>of</strong><br />
two others: A. palmipes, and O. stenodactyla.<br />
This leaves the calls <strong>of</strong> 16 named New Gui-<br />
VOCALIZATIONS<br />
nean species unknown. Descriptions and statistics<br />
<strong>of</strong> the calls are given in the species<br />
accounts and associated tables (but see below).<br />
My purpose here is to examine the possible<br />
use <strong>of</strong> the calls in assessing relationships.<br />
The first requirement is to characterize<br />
and classify the advertisement calls produced<br />
by the species studied. An apparent territorial<br />
call is described in the account <strong>of</strong> S. cornuta<br />
but is not considered here.<br />
First, I provide some definitions. A note is<br />
a discrete, continuous utterance, separated<br />
from following or preceding utterances by a<br />
quiet period. Pulsing is repeated amplitude