SPHENOPHRYNE - American Museum of Natural History

116 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 253
length, but usually greatly exceeding the
length of the individual multinote call.
Among the species studied, only O. crassa
and L. rhododactyla give unpulsed singlenote
calls, and there is none with a pulsed
single-note call. Prolonged trains of similar
pulsed notes occur in the calls of A. derongo,
A. guttata, A. macrorhyncha, A. rivularis,
and L. dentata. No unpulsed call falls into
this category.
The third category—notes organized into
discrete groups—includes most of the species.
All four Australian endemic species of
Austrochaperina and A. gracilipes (shared by
Australia and New Guinea) have unpulsed
calls and are included here, as are the New
Guinean Liophryne allisoni, L. similis, and
Oxydactyla coggeri. Three New Guinean
species, A. brevipes, L. schlaginhaufeni, and
Sphenophryne cornuta, have pulsed calls of
this sort. The call of A. palmipes, if indeed
it has one, is not well enough known to be
characterized (see species account).
In treating the Australian species (Zweifel,
1985b: 378), I suggested that the ‘‘similarity
of the five calls is consistent with a hypothesis
of derivation from a common source (a
monophyletic origin for the five species), but
aside from the distinctive couplet uttering of
Fig. 75. Superficial mandibular musculature (right side). A. Oxydactyla stenodactyla. B. Sphenophryne
cornuta. C. Liophryne schlaginhaufeni. Scale bars marked in millimeters.