SPHENOPHRYNE - American Museum of Natural History

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70 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 253 midbody but broken; ventrally white with all over dark reticulation, limbs included; soles and anal region black. VARIATION IN SIZE AND PROPORTIONS: The largest among 23 specimens examined is a female, SVL 42.9 mm. The smallest evidently mature female, 30.3 mm, has ova 2.5 mm in diameter. Mature males (vocal sac openings present) range from 29.1 to 38 mm. The number of specimens is inadequate to investigate geographic variation. Statistics on proportions are summarized in table 6, and regression data are presented in table 7. ILLUSTRATIONS: 3rd finger terminal phalanx, fig. 71I; premaxilla, fig. 63H; sacral region, fig. 72H; vomer, fig. 65H; hand and foot, fig. 54D. Mahony et al. (1992) illustrated the karyotype. Boulenger (1914: pl. XXVII, figs. 3, 3a, 3b) has excellent drawings of a syntype of S. klossi. Bickford (1999) has a color photograph of a male schlaginhaufeni transporting several young. CALL: G. P. Opit (note on BPBM field tag, specimen from Adelbert Mountains) stated: ‘‘Calls both day and night; several loud, high-pitched, very bird-like chirps.’’ James Menzies has provided me with recordings of three frogs made near Mabimap Village, Adelbert Mountains, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. The call lasts roughly six to 11 sec and consists of a series of 11 to about 20 pulsed, chirplike notes, averaging about 0.09 sec in one frog and 0.13 sec in another (table 9, fig. 79A). The dominant frequency is 2200–2400 Hz. COMPARISONS WITH OTHER SPECIES: The only species that much resemble schlaginhaufeni are L. dentata and L. rubra. The first two are closely similar in size and proportions but are readily distinguished by the characters given in the Diagnosis and additionally by the dark face mask of schlaginhaufeni. So far as is known, their geographic ranges are widely separated. L. rubra occurs closer to schlaginhaufeni although probably at higher elevations. See the account of rubra for morphological comparisons. HABITAT AND HABITS: I have had no field experience with this species and there is nothing pertinent in the literature. G. B. Opit (notes on field tags, BPBM specimens) found schlaginhaufeni active both by day and night on leaf litter in primary forest in the Adelbert Mountains. Bickford (1999) reported that the male broods the eggs and carries the newly hatched young on its back and sides for up to 8 days. DISTRIBUTION: Although recorded from few localities, Liophryne schlaginhaufeni evidently has a rather extensive distribution at middle elevations (about 400–1550 m, but one record as low as 15 m). It has not yet been taken on the Huon Peninsula or on the eastern tail of Papua New Guinea (fig. 38). Published records for the species in the latter region were based on a specimen of S. dentata (Zweifel, 1956; see the account of dentata) and on misidentified Cophixalus cheesmanae (Room, 1974: 440; MCZ specimens examined by me). LOCALITY RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAM- INED: IRIAN JAYA: Launch Camp, Setekwa River (BMNH 1947.2.12.45–46, syntypes of Sphenophryne klossi); 18 km SSE Timeka Airport, 15 m (BPBM 13859). PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Western Prov.: Derongo, 550 m (MCZ A80000). West Sepik Prov.: Mt. Hunstein, 1200 m (AMNH A77589–77591); Mt. Nibo, Torricelli Mtns., 700–1550 m (AMNH A78182–78184). East Sepik Prov.: Upper
2000 ZWEIFEL: PARTITION OF SPHENOPHRYNE 71 Fig. 38. Distribution of Liophryne schlaginhaufeni (closed circles), L. rubra (open circles), and L. dentata (triangles) in New Guinea. The westernmost locality for rubra marks the referred specimen (see text). course of the Reinjamur, Torricelli Mtns., 650–700 m (Wandolleck, 1911; type locality–see comments above). Simbu Prov.: Diodo, 1200 m, 14450E, 630S (AMS R133043, 133044); Weiana, 8 km S, 1 km E Soliabedo, 460 m (MCZ A111929); between Camp III, 13.5 km S, 1 km E Soliabedo, and Weiana, 8 km S, 1 km E Soliabedo, 420–730 m (MCZ A111928); Soliabedo, 550 m (MCZ A111927, 111931). Madang Prov.: Adelbert Mtns., vic. of Wamambre, about 15 km NE Wanuma, 1300 m (BPBM 5676); Adelbert Mtns., Mt. Mengam about 21 km NNW Wanuma, 1500 m (BPBM 5690, 5691, 5785, 5786); Adelbert Mtns., vic. of Hinihon, about 22 km NNW Wanuma, 1300 m (BPBM 5702); Adelbert Mtns., Mabimap, 1500 m (J. Menzies, personal commun.). REMARKS: In the years since its description by Wandolleck (1911) and redescription as Sphenophryne klossi by Boulenger (1914), schlaginhaufeni has rarely been collected or mentioned in the literature. Van Kampen (1923: 107) recognized klossi and placed schlaginhaufeni with question in the synonymy of Sphenophryne macrorhyncha. Nieden (1926: 46) also recognized klossi but referred schlaginhaufeni to the synonymy of Sphenophryne basipalmata, also with question. Parker (1934: 154) examined syntypes, resurrected schlaginhaufeni and synonymized klossi. Loveridge (1948: 421) misidentified two specimens of Copiula as schlaginhaufeni (see Zweifel, 1956: 19); Zweifel (1956: 18) did the same with the first specimen of L. dentata; Room (1974) confused Cophixalus cheesmanae with schlaginhaufeni (see above). A specimen utilized by Burton (1986) may be L. rubra rather than schlaginhaufeni (see account of rubra). Possibly the only correct attributions of new specimens in the literature are a passing mention of schlaginhaufeni from Mt. Hunstein in Zweifel (1967a: 6) and a citation of voucher specimens for a karyological study (Mahony et al., 1992). Liophryne similis, new species Figure 31G HOLOTYPE: AMNH A130570 (field no. RZ 13518), collected by Richard G. Zweifel and Laurence T. Penny on August 10, 1987, at Myola Guest House, 2080 m, 7 km south, 6
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