Tree Improvement Program Project Report 2006 / 2007

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Genet cs and Conservat on of M nor Spec es Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis): Andy Bower completed his PhD on whitebark pine in the spring of 2006, and we continue to publish the results of his thesis to help guide restoration and conservation efforts (Bower and Aitken 2006, 2007). He is revising the following manuscripts for publication: 1) the results of the common garden study and tentative recommendations for seed transfer in whitebark pine; and 2) genetic changes of cohorts with age and blister rust infection. Finally, he has completed a draft manuscript on seed stratification treatments, seed storage, and germination. We have also participated in the planning of a workshop on whitebark pine to be held in Whistler in August, 2007, at which Bower will present some of these results. A new study on whitebark pine by PhD student Sierra Curtis-McLane is in the planning stages. It concerns field testing the bioclimatic envelope predictions of current and future distributions from the models of Hamann and Wang (2006) and evaluating strategies for facilitated migration. Pacific dogwood (Cornus nuttallii): Most of our research to date has focused on conifers, and little is known about the genetic structure and diversity of many of our broadleaves. We have projects underway with Pacific dogwood and Garry oak to try to fill some of this gap and to determine if these species show similar patterns of genetic diversity and genecology to those of the widespread conifers that have previously been studied. In 2006, MSc student Karolyn Keir collected fresh foliage from 20 populations and seed from 11 populations of Pacific dogwood encompassing the entire species range (Figure 4). Currently, this leaf material is being genotyped with both nuclear DNA microsatellite and chloroplast markers to obtain estimates of population genetic diversity, structure, and history. Seeds were planted following an acid scarification and cold stratification in January 2007 for a common garden experiment. Garry oak (Quercus garryana): The extent of Garry oak in BC and beyond has diminished greatly over the past century due to agriculture, urbanization, and fire exclusion. There is considerable interest in restoration plantings of Garry oak, but there have been no genecological studies to guide seed transfer for this species, and the ability of this species to adapt to climate change is unknown. In late summer and early fall of 2006, MSc student Colin Huebert conducted a range-wide seed collection, extending from central California to central Vancouver Island (Figure 5). In total, Huebert collected 3,500 acorns from 15 different 6 T R E E I M P R O V E M E N T P R O G R A M P R O J E C T R E P O R T 2 0 0 6 / 2 0 0 7 populations. Average acorn weight was calculated for each family. Acorns were subsequently transported to the UBC research greenhouse where they had a high germination rate. In the autumn of 2007, seedlings will be transplanted from the greenhouse to the outdoor raised beds at UBC, where they will remain until the end of the experiment. A second field common garden may be established on Vancouver Island if a suitable site can be located. The results will be used to develop seed transfer recommendations and predictions of the ability of Garry oak to adapt to climate change. CFGC Publ cat ons n 2006-07 Bower, A.D. and S.N. Aitken. 2006. Geographic and seasonal variation in cold hardiness of whitebark pine. Can. J. For. Res. 36: 1842-1850. Bower, A.D. and S.N. Aitken. 2007. Mating system and inbreeding depression in whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.). Tree Genetics & Genomes. In press; published online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11295-007-0082-4 Gapare, W.J., A.D. Yanchuk and S.N. Aitken. 2007. Optimal sampling strategies for capture of genetic diversity differ between core and peripheral populations of Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Conservation Genetics. In press. Hamann, A., and T. Wang. 2006. Potential effects of climate change on ecosystem and tree species distribution in British Columbia. Ecology. 87:2773–2786. Mimura, M. and S.N. Aitken. 2007a. Increased selfing and decreased effective pollen donor number in peripheral relative to central populations in Picea sitchensis (Pinaceae). Am. J. of Botany. 94: 991-998. Mimura, M. and S.N. Aitken. 2007b. Adaptive gradients and Isolation by distance with postglacial migration in Picea sitchensis. Heredity. 99: 224-232. Wang, T., A. Hamann, A. Yanchuk, G. A. O’Neill, and S. N. Aitken. 2006. Use of response functions in selecting lodgepole pine populations for future climate. Global Change Biology. 12:2404–2416. Wang, T., Hamann, A., Spittlehouse, D.L., and Aitken, S.N. 2006. Development of scale-free climate data for western Canada for use in resource management. Intl. J. Climatology. 26(3): 383-397. Wang, T. 2006. ClimateBC: A Computer Program to Generate High resolution Climate Data for British Columbia. TICtalk, 7, 17-19.
T R E E I M P R O V E M E N T P R O G R A M F gure . Levels of self-poll nat on (1=ent rely selfing, 0=ent rely outcross ng, calculated as 1-tm where tm s the mult locus outcross ng rate) n northern per pheral, central, and southern per pheral cont nuous and d sjunct populat ons of S tka spruce (from M mura and A tken 2007b). D sjunct ( solated) per pheral populat ons are l kely to have h gher nbreed ng and lower levels of genet c d vers ty than central and cont nuous populat ons, but are also l kely to conta n phenotypes adapted to cl mat c extremes at spec es marg ns. F gure . Locat ons of Pac fic dogwood (left) and Garry oak (r ght) collect ons n 2006. For Pac fic dogwood, tr angles nd cate locat ons of populat ons where fol age was collected for genet c marker analys s, and c rcles nd cate populat ons sampled for seed. For Garry oak, acorns were sampled at all s tes. P R O J E C T R E P O R T 2 0 0 6 / 2 0 0 7 7
Page 1 and 2: 2006/2007 Forest Genetics Council o
Page 3 and 4: T R E E I M P R O V E M E N T P R O
Page 7 and 8: Table of Contents T R E E I M P R O
Page 9 and 10: L st of F gures T R E E I M P R O V
Page 15 and 16: 1.0 Expans on of Orchard Seed Suppl
Page 17 and 18: 2.0 GRIM Project Accompl shments n
Page 19: Cl mate Change ClimateBC: Our Clima
Page 23 and 24: Volume Growth at Sutton Creek (cm^3
Page 25 and 26: . True F r Forest Genet cs Charl e
Page 27 and 28: The provincial status report on int
Page 29 and 30: .10 Inter or Spruce Tree Breed ng P
Page 31 and 32: .12 Lodgepole, Wh te and Ponderosa
Page 33 and 34: .0 Operat onal Tree Improvement - t
Page 35 and 36: Low-elevat on Western Hemlock Crop
Page 37 and 38: .1.2 Sechelt Seed Orchard Patt Brow
Page 39 and 40: .1. Bowser Seed Orchard Dav d Re d
Page 41 and 42: .1.6 Vernon Seed Orchard Company (V
Page 43 and 44: .1.7 Grandv ew Seed Orchards (PRT A
Page 45 and 46: .1. Eagle Rock Seed Orchards (Tolko
Page 47 and 48: yielded a total of 69 litres of pol
Page 49 and 50: Pest management n h gh-elevat on we
Page 51 and 52: slide monitor 4. Figure 31 shows th
Page 55 and 56: Three major branches on each sample
Page 57 and 58: TSPC FSPC TSPC FSPC 40 30 20 10 0 3
Page 59 and 60: .2.7 Increas ng Qual ty, Genet c Ga
Page 61 and 62: .2.9 Crown Prun ng Techn que for No
Page 63 and 64: Filled Seed per Cone Filled Seed pe
Page 65 and 66: 2005 and 2006, the corresponding va
Page 67 and 68: esponse to NH 4 NO 3 acts through n
Page 69 and 70: to 2000. Crosses were completed at
Page 71 and 72:
Percent Julian Date Julian Date Hei
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.2.1 Conduct ng a Ser es of So l Te
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Cone Number Filled Seed Number TSPC
Page 77 and 78:
effect) compared to the north Okana
Page 79 and 80:
Dehydration: Long-shoot bud samples
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pollen receptivity (Table 26). It w
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it must be noted that the genotypes
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.2.17 Development of Yellow-Cedar S
Page 87 and 88:
ut there was a substantial decrease
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7.0 Seed Orchard Pest Management Ro
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Append x 2 Tree Spec es T R E E I M
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Append x Author Contact L st T R E
Page 95 and 96:
INSIDE COVER
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Tree Improvement Program Project Report 2006 / 2007

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