Tree Improvement Program Project Report 2006 / 2007

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complete report on pollen capture at all five stations for Hw and Ss for 2006 is available for project SPU 0313 (2006) from the OTIP coordinator. Methods The ministry standard for monitoring pollen cloud density uses seven-day recorders (see Webber and Painter 1996) mounted on rotating platforms at 3 m height. Daily pollen catch was expressed as the number of pollen grains per mm 2 . Five pollen monitoring stations were used in the Saanich peninsula, which correspond to the same stations used by the Ministry of Forests and Range, Tree Improvement Branch, for their annual regional pollen monitoring of coastal Douglas-fir pollen. Bruce MacPherson (MoF Coastal Seed Orchards) was responsible for maintaining the five Saanich peninsula monitoring stations (erecting monitors, changing charts). We counted two replicates on each chart for a 24-hour period and averaged the total number of pollen grains for the two replicates. To determine the pollen cloud density, we then divided the average daily counts by 44 mm 2 to represent the number of pollen grains per mm 2 for a 24-hour period. We also compared results for regional monitoring of western hemlock and Sitka spruce pollen flight with the receptivity periods and pollen cloud density values monitored at the Western Forest Products (WFP) Saanich seed orchard site (Hw orchard 170 and Ss orchard 172). Results Figure 49 shows the daily western hemlock pollen cloud density values averaged over the five Saanich peninsula stations. Figure 50 shows the daily Sitka spruce pollen cloud density values averaged over the same five stations. In 2006, the mean western hemlock pollen shed on the Saanich peninsula ranged from March 24 to April 30. The period of Sitka spruce pollen shed was April 14 to April 30 (the end of regional monitoring, although WFP orchard 172 continued to shed for one more week). Table 17 shows the total pollen load for western hemlock and Sitka spruce in years 2005 and 2006. Pollen load represents the daily pollen cloud density summed over the monitoring period. Compared to 2005, pollen capture for the western hemlock and Sitka spruce was about 20 percent and 50 percent lower, respectively, than in 2005. The total regional pollen load (mean for all five stations) for western hemlock and Sitka spruce for the six-week monitoring period was 9.2 and 1.9 and 1.6 and 0.8 pollen 0 T R E E I M P R O V E M E N T P R O G R A M P R O J E C T R E P O R T 2 0 0 6 / 2 0 0 7 grains/mm 2 for each of 2005 and 2006, respectively. Although the corresponding values for pollen load for the receptivity period of WFP orchards 170 and 172 are not strictly comparable (slide counts versus seven-day recorder counts), we can still estimate potential western hemlock pollen contamination from slide counts taken within the orchard and regional counts from the Saanich peninsula. Table 18 shows the pollen load (mean for all five stations) from regional counts during the receptivity period 2005 and 2006. The corresponding pollen load values (regional) for western hemlock and Sitka spruce were 1.3 and 1.0 and 0.3 and 0.7 grains/mm 2 , respectively. Table 19 shows the corresponding values for pollen load (orchard) summed over the receptivity period of western hemlock orchard 170 and Sitka spruce orchard 172 (slides). According to Woods et al (1996), regional pollen capture for the receptivity period of the orchard is adjusted for the differences in capture efficiency between the regional monitors (seven-day) and the orchard monitors (slides). The orchard adjustment factor (OAF) is determined by averaging the ratio of daily pollen capture of the orchard slides to the regional seven-day monitors. Thus, by averaging the early orchard pollen capture (EOA) to the early regional average (ERA) for a period of seven to ten days (prior to orchard pollen flight), a factor is calculated that can be applied to the regional counts for the orchard receptivity period. However, in practice the calculation of the OAF has been inconsistent. Often there are not enough days prior to orchard shed to give a reliable result (regional shed and orchard receptivity period overlap). Because of this, the OAF was not considered in the following calculations of percent contamination. Table 20 shows the estimate of percent contamination for both western hemlock and Sitka spruce using only the regional pollen counts and orchard counts. Conclus on For both 2005 and 2006, the pollen counts for western hemlock were lower than those observed for Douglasfir and significantly lower for Sitka spruce. For example, regional pollen loads for the six-week monitoring period for Douglas-fir in 2005 and 2006 was 18.3 and 15.0 grains/mm 2 , respectively. This corresponded to an estimate of percent contamination (no OAF) of 4.8 and 12.3, respectively. The estimates of contamination based on pollen monitoring have also been confirmed in Douglasfir with DNA paternity analyses. For the two years of
2005 and 2006, the corresponding values for percent contamination were 9.7 and 11.7. These are in close agreement with pollen monitoring data. Since pollen monitoring data can give a good estimate of contamination, we can infer that contamination in western hemlock orchards on the Saanich peninsula does occur and that the value of contamination for 2005 and 2006 could be in the 10 to 20 percent range. With this limited data, we cannot predict if future contaminate pollen clouds will be greater. Certainly we can expect that orchard pollen clouds will be greater as the orchard trees mature. It is more difficult to infer the same for Sitka spruce. Because the number of pollen grains captured is so small, the error in the estimate is much higher. Furthermore, we do not anticipate that the regional pollen cloud density for Sitka spruce will be any greater than what we have observed in 2005 and 2006 (local population is so small), but we can anticipate that the orchard pollen cloud for Sitka spruce will increase as the orchard matures. Because of this, we may consider that contamination is not an issue for Sitka spruce orchards on the Saanich peninsula. pollen grains/mm 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 T R E E I M P R O V E M E N T P R O G R A M Figure 1: Mean daily western hemlock pollen cloud density values (pollen grains/mm 2/24hours) for five Saanich peninsula monitoring stations (2006). Black data points represents the receptivity period of WFP Hw orchard 170. Hw Mean All Stations 2006 Apr-12 Apr-10 Apr-08 Apr-06 Apr-04 Apr-02 Mar-31 Mar-29 Mar-27 Mar-25 Mar-23 Mar-21 P R O J E C T R E P O R T 2 0 0 6 / 2 0 0 7 L terature C ted Snetsinger, J. 2006. Chief Forester’s Standards for Seed Use. BC Ministry of Forests and Range, Victoria, BC. Stoehr, M., Webber, J., and Woods, J. 2004. Protocol for rating seed orchard seed lots in British Columbia: quantifying genetic gain and diversity. For. 77:297-303. Webber, J.E., and Painter, R.A. 1996. Douglas-fir pollen management manual. 2nd Edn. Ministry of Forests and Range, Research Branch. Work. Pap. 02/1996. 91pp. Woods, J.H., Stoehr, M.U., and Webber, J.E. 1996. Protocols for rating seed orchard seed lots in British Columbia. Ministry of Forests and Range, Research Program, Res. Report 06. 26pp. Woods, J. 2005. Methods for estimating gamete contributions to orchard seed crops and vegetative lots in British Columbia. BC Min. For. Range, Res. Br., Victoria, B.C. Tech. Rep. 025. 17pp. Apr-30 Apr-28 Apr-26 Apr-24 Apr-22 Apr-20 Apr-18 Apr-16 Apr-14 F gure 9. Mean da ly western hemlock pollen cloud dens ty values (pollen gra ns/mm 2 /2 hours) for five Saan ch pen nsula mon tor ng stat ons (2006). Black data po nts represents the recept v ty per od of WFP Hw orchard 170. pollen grains/mm 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.00 Figure 2: Mean daily Sitka spruce pollen cloud density values (pollen grains/mm 2 /24hours) for five Saanich peninsula monitoring stations (2006). Black data points the receptivity period of WFP Ss orchard 172. Ss Mean All Stations 2006 Apr-12 Apr-10 Apr-08 Apr-06 Apr-04 Apr-02 Mar-31 Mar-29 Mar-27 Mar-25 Mar-23 Mar-21 Apr-30 Apr-28 Apr-26 Apr-24 Apr-22 Apr-20 Apr-18 Apr-16 Apr-14 F gure 0. Mean da ly S tka spruce pollen cloud dens ty values (pollen gra ns/ mm 2 /2 hours) for five Saan ch pen nsula mon tor ng stat ons (2006). Black data po nts represents the recept v ty per od of WFP Ss orchard 172. 1
Page 1 and 2:
2006/2007 Forest Genetics Council o
Page 3 and 4:
T R E E I M P R O V E M E N T P R O
Page 5 and 6:
Page 7 and 8:
Table of Contents T R E E I M P R O
Page 9 and 10:
L st of F gures T R E E I M P R O V
Page 11 and 12:
Page 13 and 14: T R E E I M P R O V E M E N T P R O
Page 15 and 16: 1.0 Expans on of Orchard Seed Suppl
Page 17 and 18: 2.0 GRIM Project Accompl shments n
Page 19 and 20: Cl mate Change ClimateBC: Our Clima
Page 23 and 24: Volume Growth at Sutton Creek (cm^3
Page 25 and 26: . True F r Forest Genet cs Charl e
Page 27 and 28: The provincial status report on int
Page 29 and 30: .10 Inter or Spruce Tree Breed ng P
Page 31 and 32: .12 Lodgepole, Wh te and Ponderosa
Page 33 and 34: .0 Operat onal Tree Improvement - t
Page 35 and 36: Low-elevat on Western Hemlock Crop
Page 37 and 38: .1.2 Sechelt Seed Orchard Patt Brow
Page 39 and 40: .1. Bowser Seed Orchard Dav d Re d
Page 41 and 42: .1.6 Vernon Seed Orchard Company (V
Page 43 and 44: .1.7 Grandv ew Seed Orchards (PRT A
Page 45 and 46: .1. Eagle Rock Seed Orchards (Tolko
Page 47 and 48: yielded a total of 69 litres of pol
Page 49 and 50: Pest management n h gh-elevat on we
Page 51 and 52: slide monitor 4. Figure 31 shows th
Page 55 and 56: Three major branches on each sample
Page 57 and 58: TSPC FSPC TSPC FSPC 40 30 20 10 0 3
Page 59 and 60: .2.7 Increas ng Qual ty, Genet c Ga
Page 61 and 62: .2.9 Crown Prun ng Techn que for No
Page 63: Filled Seed per Cone Filled Seed pe
Page 67 and 68: esponse to NH 4 NO 3 acts through n
Page 69 and 70: to 2000. Crosses were completed at
Page 71 and 72: Percent Julian Date Julian Date Hei
Page 73 and 74: .2.1 Conduct ng a Ser es of So l Te
Page 75 and 76: Cone Number Filled Seed Number TSPC
Page 77 and 78: effect) compared to the north Okana
Page 79 and 80: Dehydration: Long-shoot bud samples
Page 81 and 82: pollen receptivity (Table 26). It w
Page 83 and 84: it must be noted that the genotypes
Page 85 and 86: .2.17 Development of Yellow-Cedar S
Page 87 and 88: ut there was a substantial decrease
Page 89 and 90: 7.0 Seed Orchard Pest Management Ro
Page 91 and 92: Append x 2 Tree Spec es T R E E I M
Page 93 and 94: Append x Author Contact L st T R E
Page 95 and 96: INSIDE COVER
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