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Kikuchi, K., Izaike, Y., Noguchi, J., Furukawa, T., Daen, F. P., Naito, K. and Toyoda, Y. (1995) Decrease of histone H1 kinase activity in relation to parthenogenetic activation of pig follicular oocytes matured and aged in vitro. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 105(2), 325-330. Kikuchi, K., Naito, K., Noguchi, J., Shimada, A., Kaneko, H., Yamashita, M., Aoki, F., Tojo, H. and Toyoda, Y. (2000) Maturation/M-phase promoting factor: a regulator of aging in porcine oocytes. Biology of Reproduction, 63(3), 715-722. Kim, J. Q, Roudebush, W. E., Dodson, M. Cz and Minhas, B. S. (1990) Murine embryo biopsy and full-term development following transfer of biopsied embryos. Theriogenology, 33,266, Abstrract. Kim, J. S., Cho, Y. S., Song, B. S., Wee, G., Park, J. S., Choo, Y. K., Yu, K., Lee, K. K., Han, Y. M. and Koo, D. B. (2008) Exogenous dibutyryl cAMP affects meiotic maturation via protein kinase A activation; it stimulates further embryonic development including blastocyst quality in pigs. Theriogenology, 69(3), 290-301. Kim, M. K., Jang, G, Oh, H. J., Yuda, F., Kim, H. J., Hwang, W. S., Hossein, M. S., Kim, J. J., Shin, N. S., Kang, S. K. and Lee, B. C. (2007) Endangered wolves cloned from adult somatic cells. Cloning and Stem Cells, 9(1), 130-137. Erratum in: Cloning Stem Cells, 9(3), 450. Kolber-Simonds, D., Lai, L., Watt, S. R., Denaro, M., Am, S., Augenstein, M. L., Betthauser, J., Carter, D. B., Greenstein, J. L., Hao, Y., Im, C. S., Liu, Z., Mell, Cz D., Murphy, C. N., Park, K. W., Rieke, A., Ryan, D. J., Sachs, D. H., Forsberg, E. J., Prather, R. S. and Hawley R. J. (2004) Production of a-1,3-galactosyltransferase null pigs by means of nuclear transfer with fibroblasts bearing loss of heterozygosity mutations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 101(19), 7335-7340. Kono, T., Kwon, 0. Y, and Nakahara, T. (1991) Development of enucleated mouse oocytes reconstituted with embryonic nuclei. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 93(1), 165-172. Koo, 0., Kang, J., Kwon, D., Park, Rand Lee, B. (2009) Influence of ovulation status, seasonality and embryo transfer method on development of cloned porcine embryos. Reproduction in Domestic Animals (online). Kren, R., Ogushi, S. and Miyano, T. (2004) Effect of caffeine on meiotic maturation of porcine oocytes. Zygote. 12(1), 31-38. 130
Kubelka, M., Anger, M., Pavlok, A., Kalous, J., Schultz, R. M. and Motlik, J. (2002) Activation of pig and cattle oocytes by butyrolactone I: morphological and biochemical study. Zygote. 10(1), 47-57. Kubelka, M., Motlik, J., Fulka, J. Jr., Prochäzka, R., Rimkevidovä, Z. and Fulka, J. (1988) Time sequence of germinal vesicle breakdown in pig oocytes after cycloheximide and p-aminobenzamidine block. Gamete Research, 19(4), 423-431. Kubelka, M., Rimkevicovä, Z., Guerrier, P. and Motlik, J. (1995) Inhibition of protein synthesis affects histone H1 kinase, but not chromosome condensation activity, during the first meiotic division of pig oocytes. Molecular Reproduction and Development, 41(1), 63-69. Kurome, M., Hisatomi, H., Matsumoto, S., Tomii, R., Ueno, S., Hiruma, K., Saito, H., Nakamura, K., Okumura, K., Matsumoto, M., Kaji, Y., Endo, F. and Nagashima, H. (2008a) Production efficiency and telomere length of the cloned pigs following serial somatic cell nuclear transfer. Journal of Reproduction and Development, 54(4), 254-258. Kurome, M., Ishikawa, T., Tomii, R., Ueno, S., Shimada, A., Yazawa, H. and Nagashima, H. (2008b) Production of transgenic and non-transgenic clones in miniature pigs by somatic cell nuclear transfer. Journal of Reproduction and Development, 54(3), 156-163. Kurome, M., Tomii, R., Ueno, S., Hiruma, K., Matsumoto, S., Okumura, K., Nakamura, K., Matsumoto, M., Kaji, Y., Endo, F. and Nagashima, H. (2008c) Production of cloned pigs from salivary gland-derived progenitor cells. Cloning and Stem Cells, 10(2), 277-286. Kurome, M., Ueda, H., Tomii, R., Naruse, K. and Nagashima, H. (2006) Production of transgenic-clone pigs by the combination of ICSI-mediated gene transfer with somatic cell nuclear transfer. Transgenic Research, 15(2), 229-240. Kwon, D. J., Park, C. K., Yang, B. K. and Cheong, H. T. (2008) Control of nuclear remodelling and subsequent in vitro development and methylation status of porcine nuclear transfer embryos. Reproduction, 135(5), 649-656. Kwon, 0. Y. and Kono, T. (1996) Production of identical sextuplet mice by transferring metaphase nuclei from four-cell embryos. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 93(23), 13010-13013. Labbe, J. C., Lee, M. G, Nurse, P., Picard, A. and Doree, M. (1988) Activation at M-phase of a protein kinase encoded by a starfish homologue of the cell cycle control gene cdc2+. Nature, 335(6187), 251-254. 131
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The University of -210 Nottingham M
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treated oocytes was recorded at 38
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ........
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2.5.1.2 Preparation of enucleation/
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CHAPTER 6 .........................
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Process
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS A23187 AC AI
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MgSO4.7H20 MAPK MAPKK MAPKKK MBP mg
Page 17 and 18:
CHAPTER 1 LITERATURE REVIEW The aim
Page 19 and 20:
The production of multiple offsprin
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cytoplasm which contained the nucle
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pluripotency, as demonstrated by th
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gene-targeting via somatic cell clo
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conventional breeding and genetic m
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Oocyte maturation is generally cont
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ooýcýýommý MPF Time Figure 1.3
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not obtain clones by SCNT using bra
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A Nuclear NEBD PCC reformation DNA
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1.2.3.2 MPF, MAPK, NEBD and PCC in
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Little is known about the mechanism
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development of porcine embryos prod
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short-wavelength, UV excitable fluo
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The procedure is to expel the PBI a
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The majority of successful porcine
Page 49 and 50:
Until 1997, the established dogma i
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deacetylases (HDACs). Trichostatin
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Figure 1.5 presents the general exp
Page 55 and 56:
CHAPTER 2 General materials and met
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2.3 Oocyte staining and assessment
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holding pipette enucleation pipette
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! 00-0 !".. ww "'') ^ýýe ;ý ý
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,rjý. 7!: rY Is All Pi D r. Figure
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were washed three times in embryo c
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Three replicates of batches of oocy
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fertilisation, the occurrence of po
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3.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 3.2.1 Exp
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I 57
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3.3 RESULTS 3.3.1 Conventional matu
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ýIC M 00 N N N N 0 öa oÜd U 0 0
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Meiotic stage in CAMP treated oocyt
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3.4 DISCUSSION The development of N
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44 h. It was comparable to that (93
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oocyte (Chen et al., 1990). In the
Page 87 and 88:
CHAPTER 4 Parthenogenetic developme
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mechanical and chemical procedures.
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COCs were collected and oocytes wer
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f. " ý1403: 0.71 14 - 'Ir I A Figu
Page 95 and 96: 100% 90% 80% 70% d 60% 50% 0 40% 30
Page 97 and 98: 4.4 DISCUSSION For successful porci
Page 99 and 100: In addition to the listed benefits
Page 101 and 102: CHAPTER 5 Effect of caffeine treatm
Page 103 and 104: in vitro substrates. In pigs, Naito
Page 105 and 106: 5.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 5.2.1 Exp
Page 107 and 108: 5.2.2 In vitro maturation of porcin
Page 109 and 110: Blastocysts at day 7 were stained a
Page 111 and 112: Figure 5.2 MPF and MAPK activities
Page 113 and 114: A 4500000 N 4000000 3500000 Z 30000
Page 115 and 116: e ýo; +ý \.. 4.0 ob "i "s NW Ir
Page 117 and 118: 5.3.4 Effects of caffeine treatment
Page 119 and 120: Figure 5.6 Effects of 5 mM caffeine
Page 121 and 122: 5.4 DISCUSSION In the first experim
Page 123 and 124: In the final experiment, developmen
Page 125 and 126: CHAPTER 6 General discussion 7.1 Ma
Page 127 and 128: cumulus cells could be observed spe
Page 129 and 130: parthenogenetic development excludi
Page 131 and 132: demonstrated treatment of the TI en
Page 133 and 134: REFERENCES Abeydeera, L. R., Wang,
Page 135 and 136: Bromhall, J. D. (1975) Nuclear trna
Page 137 and 138: Christmann, L., Jung, T. and Moor,
Page 139 and 140: and human ovarian oocytes. Nature,
Page 141 and 142: Funahashi, H., Cantley, T. C. and D
Page 143 and 144: Hartwell, L. H. (1973) Three additi
Page 145: Jelinkovä, L., Kubelka, M., Motlik
Page 149 and 150: Le Bourhis, D., Beaujean, N., Ruffi
Page 151 and 152: Liu, L., Oldenbourg, R., Trimarchi,
Page 153 and 154: Minshull, J., Blow, J. J. and Hunt,
Page 155 and 156: Oback, B. and Wells, D. N. Cloning
Page 157 and 158: A. E., Garst, A. S., Moore, M., Dem
Page 159 and 160: Rossomando, A. J., Payne, D. M., We
Page 161 and 162: Spemann, H. Embryonic development a
Page 163 and 164: Development. 55(2), 121-127. Törne
Page 165 and 166: Production of the first cloned came
Page 167 and 168: oocytes. Reproduction, 125(5), 645-
Page 169 and 170: 00 Cl) h 'Cb a) Ü^W wv F NC a b d
Page 171 and 172: In In ý. ö O V %) ö ö N _ ö O
Page 173 and 174: - u2 y vý'ý OOU 1-1 00 ^ OO NN ö
Page 175 and 176: aý yy U a 2 w I-N O N 'T N 1-1 NO
Page 177: . 10 CA aý v 2 4 1-1 1-1 o Np cc o
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