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Motlik, J., Pavlok, A., Kubelka, M., Kalous, J. and Kalab, P. (1998) Interplay between CDC2 kinase and MAP kinase pathway during maturation of mammalian oocytes. Theriogenology, 49(2), 461-469. Mullen, R. J., Whitten, W. K. and Carter, S. C. (1970) Studies on chimeric mice and half embryos. Annual Report of the Jackson Laboratory, pp. 67-68. Nagai, T., Funahashi, H., Yoshioka, K. and Kikuchi, K. (2006) Up date of in vitro production of porcine embryos. Frontiers in Bioscience, 11,2565-2573. Naito, K. and Toyoda, Y. (1991) Fluctuation of histone H1 kinase activity during meiotic maturation in porcine oocytes. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 93(2), 467-473. Nasmyth, K. A. and Reed, S. I. (1980) Isolation of genes by complementation in yeast: molecular cloning of a cell-cycle gene. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 77(4), 2119-2123. Nilausen, K. and Green, H. (1965) Reversible arrest of growth in G1 of an established fibroblast line (3T3). Experimental Cell Research, 40(1), 166-168. Nottle, M. B., Beebe, L. F., Harrison, S. J., Mcllfatrick, S. M., Ashman, R. J., O'Connell, P. J., Salvaris, E. J., Fisicaro, N., Pommey, S., Cowan, P. J., d'Apice, A. J. (2007) Production of homozygous a -1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout pigs by breeding and somatic cell nuclear transfer. Xenotransplantation, 14(4), 339-344. Nurse, P. (2000) A long twentieth century of the cell cycle and beyond. Cell, 100(1), 71-78. Nurse, P. and Bissett, Y. (1981) Gene required in G1 for commitment to cell cycle and in G2 for control of mitosis in fission yeast. Nature, 292(5823), 558-560. Nurse, P., Masui, Y. and Hartwell, L. (1998) Understanding the cell cycle. Nature Medicine, 4(10), 1103-1106. Nurse, P., Thuriaux, P. and Nasmyth, K. (1976) Genetic control of the cell division cycle in fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Molecular Genetics and Genomics, 146(2), 167-178. Nussbaum, D. J. and Prather, R. S. (1995) Differential effects of protein synthesis inhibitors on porcine oocyte activation. Molecular Reproduction and Development, 41(1), 70-75. 138
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The University of -210 Nottingham M
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treated oocytes was recorded at 38
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ........
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2.5.1.2 Preparation of enucleation/
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CHAPTER 6 .........................
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Process
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS A23187 AC AI
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MgSO4.7H20 MAPK MAPKK MAPKKK MBP mg
Page 17 and 18:
CHAPTER 1 LITERATURE REVIEW The aim
Page 19 and 20:
The production of multiple offsprin
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cytoplasm which contained the nucle
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pluripotency, as demonstrated by th
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gene-targeting via somatic cell clo
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conventional breeding and genetic m
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Oocyte maturation is generally cont
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ooýcýýommý MPF Time Figure 1.3
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not obtain clones by SCNT using bra
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A Nuclear NEBD PCC reformation DNA
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1.2.3.2 MPF, MAPK, NEBD and PCC in
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Little is known about the mechanism
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development of porcine embryos prod
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short-wavelength, UV excitable fluo
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The procedure is to expel the PBI a
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The majority of successful porcine
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Until 1997, the established dogma i
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deacetylases (HDACs). Trichostatin
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Figure 1.5 presents the general exp
Page 55 and 56:
CHAPTER 2 General materials and met
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2.3 Oocyte staining and assessment
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holding pipette enucleation pipette
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! 00-0 !".. ww "'') ^ýýe ;ý ý
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,rjý. 7!: rY Is All Pi D r. Figure
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were washed three times in embryo c
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Three replicates of batches of oocy
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fertilisation, the occurrence of po
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3.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 3.2.1 Exp
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I 57
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3.3 RESULTS 3.3.1 Conventional matu
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ýIC M 00 N N N N 0 öa oÜd U 0 0
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Meiotic stage in CAMP treated oocyt
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3.4 DISCUSSION The development of N
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44 h. It was comparable to that (93
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oocyte (Chen et al., 1990). In the
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CHAPTER 4 Parthenogenetic developme
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mechanical and chemical procedures.
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COCs were collected and oocytes wer
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f. " ý1403: 0.71 14 - 'Ir I A Figu
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100% 90% 80% 70% d 60% 50% 0 40% 30
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4.4 DISCUSSION For successful porci
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In addition to the listed benefits
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CHAPTER 5 Effect of caffeine treatm
Page 103 and 104: in vitro substrates. In pigs, Naito
Page 105 and 106: 5.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 5.2.1 Exp
Page 107 and 108: 5.2.2 In vitro maturation of porcin
Page 109 and 110: Blastocysts at day 7 were stained a
Page 111 and 112: Figure 5.2 MPF and MAPK activities
Page 113 and 114: A 4500000 N 4000000 3500000 Z 30000
Page 115 and 116: e ýo; +ý \.. 4.0 ob "i "s NW Ir
Page 117 and 118: 5.3.4 Effects of caffeine treatment
Page 119 and 120: Figure 5.6 Effects of 5 mM caffeine
Page 121 and 122: 5.4 DISCUSSION In the first experim
Page 123 and 124: In the final experiment, developmen
Page 125 and 126: CHAPTER 6 General discussion 7.1 Ma
Page 127 and 128: cumulus cells could be observed spe
Page 129 and 130: parthenogenetic development excludi
Page 131 and 132: demonstrated treatment of the TI en
Page 133 and 134: REFERENCES Abeydeera, L. R., Wang,
Page 135 and 136: Bromhall, J. D. (1975) Nuclear trna
Page 137 and 138: Christmann, L., Jung, T. and Moor,
Page 139 and 140: and human ovarian oocytes. Nature,
Page 141 and 142: Funahashi, H., Cantley, T. C. and D
Page 143 and 144: Hartwell, L. H. (1973) Three additi
Page 145 and 146: Jelinkovä, L., Kubelka, M., Motlik
Page 147 and 148: Kubelka, M., Anger, M., Pavlok, A.,
Page 149 and 150: Le Bourhis, D., Beaujean, N., Ruffi
Page 151 and 152: Liu, L., Oldenbourg, R., Trimarchi,
Page 153: Minshull, J., Blow, J. J. and Hunt,
Page 157 and 158: A. E., Garst, A. S., Moore, M., Dem
Page 159 and 160: Rossomando, A. J., Payne, D. M., We
Page 161 and 162: Spemann, H. Embryonic development a
Page 163 and 164: Development. 55(2), 121-127. Törne
Page 165 and 166: Production of the first cloned came
Page 167 and 168: oocytes. Reproduction, 125(5), 645-
Page 169 and 170: 00 Cl) h 'Cb a) Ü^W wv F NC a b d
Page 171 and 172: In In ý. ö O V %) ö ö N _ ö O
Page 173 and 174: - u2 y vý'ý OOU 1-1 00 ^ OO NN ö
Page 175 and 176: aý yy U a 2 w I-N O N 'T N 1-1 NO
Page 177: . 10 CA aý v 2 4 1-1 1-1 o Np cc o
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