-210 Nottingham - Nottingham eTheses - The University of Nottingham

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Various types of stimulation AL Gonadotropic hormone (GTH) JIL Maturation-inducing hormone (MIH) it MPF J. Oocyte maturation Figurel. 2 Main reproductive hormones as to oocytes Oocyte maturation is generally controlled by three major mediators: gonadotropic hormone (GTH), maturation-inducing hormone (MIH) and maturation promoting factor (MPF) activated within the maturing oocytes. GTH, secreted from the (central) nervous system, is triggered by various types of stimulation. GTH includes luteinising hormone and follicle stimulating hormone or gonad-stimulating substance (GSS) in starfish. MIH is secreted from somatic (follicle) cells surrounding the oocytes and MPF activated within the maturing oocytes. 14
ooýcýýommý MPF Time Figure 1.3 Changes in maturation promoting factor (MPF) and cytostatic factor (CSF) activities during meiotic divisions of oocytes and mitotic divisions of early zygotes These stages include GV, ProMI, MI, MII, fertilisation of oocytes, zygote, 2-cell embryo, dividing 2-cell embryo and 4-cell embryo. MPF activity is expressed as percentage of nuclear breakdown induced in oocytes injected with cytoplasm (or its extract) containing MPF or as histone H1 kinase activity (Nurse et al., 1998). 15
Page 1 and 2: The University of -210 Nottingham M
Page 3 and 4: treated oocytes was recorded at 38
Page 5 and 6: TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ........
Page 7 and 8: 2.5.1.2 Preparation of enucleation/
Page 9 and 10: CHAPTER 6 .........................
Page 11 and 12: LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Process
Page 13 and 14: LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS A23187 AC AI
Page 15 and 16: MgSO4.7H20 MAPK MAPKK MAPKKK MBP mg
Page 17 and 18: CHAPTER 1 LITERATURE REVIEW The aim
Page 19 and 20: The production of multiple offsprin
Page 21 and 22: cytoplasm which contained the nucle
Page 23 and 24: pluripotency, as demonstrated by th
Page 25 and 26: gene-targeting via somatic cell clo
Page 27 and 28: conventional breeding and genetic m
Page 29: Oocyte maturation is generally cont
Page 33 and 34: not obtain clones by SCNT using bra
Page 35 and 36: A Nuclear NEBD PCC reformation DNA
Page 37 and 38: 1.2.3.2 MPF, MAPK, NEBD and PCC in
Page 39 and 40: Little is known about the mechanism
Page 41 and 42: development of porcine embryos prod
Page 43 and 44: short-wavelength, UV excitable fluo
Page 45 and 46: The procedure is to expel the PBI a
Page 47 and 48: The majority of successful porcine
Page 49 and 50: Until 1997, the established dogma i
Page 51 and 52: deacetylases (HDACs). Trichostatin
Page 53 and 54: Figure 1.5 presents the general exp
Page 55 and 56: CHAPTER 2 General materials and met
Page 57 and 58: 2.3 Oocyte staining and assessment
Page 59 and 60: holding pipette enucleation pipette
Page 61 and 62: ! 00-0 !".. ww "'') ^ýýe ;ý ý
Page 63 and 64: ,rjý. 7!: rY Is All Pi D r. Figure
Page 65 and 66: were washed three times in embryo c
Page 67 and 68: Three replicates of batches of oocy
Page 69 and 70: fertilisation, the occurrence of po
Page 71 and 72: 3.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 3.2.1 Exp
Page 73 and 74: I 57
Page 75 and 76: 3.3 RESULTS 3.3.1 Conventional matu
Page 77 and 78: ýIC M 00 N N N N 0 öa oÜd U 0 0
Page 79 and 80: Meiotic stage in CAMP treated oocyt
Page 81 and 82:
3.4 DISCUSSION The development of N
Page 83 and 84:
44 h. It was comparable to that (93
Page 85 and 86:
oocyte (Chen et al., 1990). In the
Page 87 and 88:
CHAPTER 4 Parthenogenetic developme
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mechanical and chemical procedures.
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COCs were collected and oocytes wer
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f. " ý1403: 0.71 14 - 'Ir I A Figu
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100% 90% 80% 70% d 60% 50% 0 40% 30
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4.4 DISCUSSION For successful porci
Page 99 and 100:
In addition to the listed benefits
Page 101 and 102:
CHAPTER 5 Effect of caffeine treatm
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in vitro substrates. In pigs, Naito
Page 105 and 106:
5.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 5.2.1 Exp
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5.2.2 In vitro maturation of porcin
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Blastocysts at day 7 were stained a
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Figure 5.2 MPF and MAPK activities
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A 4500000 N 4000000 3500000 Z 30000
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e ýo; +ý \.. 4.0 ob "i "s NW Ir
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5.3.4 Effects of caffeine treatment
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Figure 5.6 Effects of 5 mM caffeine
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5.4 DISCUSSION In the first experim
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In the final experiment, developmen
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CHAPTER 6 General discussion 7.1 Ma
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cumulus cells could be observed spe
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parthenogenetic development excludi
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demonstrated treatment of the TI en
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REFERENCES Abeydeera, L. R., Wang,
Page 135 and 136:
Bromhall, J. D. (1975) Nuclear trna
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Christmann, L., Jung, T. and Moor,
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and human ovarian oocytes. Nature,
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Funahashi, H., Cantley, T. C. and D
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Hartwell, L. H. (1973) Three additi
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Jelinkovä, L., Kubelka, M., Motlik
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Kubelka, M., Anger, M., Pavlok, A.,
Page 149 and 150:
Le Bourhis, D., Beaujean, N., Ruffi
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Liu, L., Oldenbourg, R., Trimarchi,
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Minshull, J., Blow, J. J. and Hunt,
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Oback, B. and Wells, D. N. Cloning
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A. E., Garst, A. S., Moore, M., Dem
Page 159 and 160:
Rossomando, A. J., Payne, D. M., We
Page 161 and 162:
Spemann, H. Embryonic development a
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Development. 55(2), 121-127. Törne
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Production of the first cloned came
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oocytes. Reproduction, 125(5), 645-
Page 169 and 170:
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. 10 CA aý v 2 4 1-1 1-1 o Np cc o
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