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dependent kinases inhibitor on nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of porcine oocytes. Molecular Reproduction and Development, 60(1), 65-73. Marchal, R., Vigneron, C., Perreau, C., Bali-Papp, A. and Mermillod, P. (2002) Effect of follicular size on meiotic and developmental competence of porcine oocytes. Theriogenology, 57(5), 1523-1532. Masui, Y. and Markert, C. L. (1971) Cytoplasmic control of nuclear behavior during meiotic maturation of frog oocytes. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 177(2), 129-145. Matsunari, H., Onodera, M., Tada, N., Mochizuki, H., Karasawa, S., Haruyama, E., Nakayama, N., Saito, H., Ueno, S., Kurome, M., Miyawaki, A. and Nagashima, H. (2008) Transgenic-cloned pigs systemically expressing red fluorescent protein, Kusabira-Orange. Cloning and Stem Cells, 10(3), 313-323. Mattioli, M., Galeati, G., Barboni, B. and Seren, E. (1994) Concentration of cyclic AMP during the maturation of pig oocytes in vivo and in vitro. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 100(2), 403-409. Mazia, D. (1937) The release of calcium in Arbacia eggs on fertilization. Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology, 10(3), 291-304. McGrath, J. and Solter, D. (1983) Nuclear transplantation in the mouse embryo by microsurgery and cell fusion. Science, 220(4603), 1300-1302. McGrath, J. and Solter, D. (1984) Inability of mouse blastomere nuclei transferred to enucleated zygotes to support development in vitro. Science, 226(4680), 1317-1319. McCreath, K. J., Howcroft, J., Campbell, K. H. S., Colman, A., Schnieke, A. E. and Kind, A. J. (2000) Production of gene-targeted sheep by nuclear transfer from cultured somatic cells. Nature, 405(6790), 1066-1069. Erratum in: Nature, 408(6808), 120. McGrath, J. and Solter, D. (1984) Completion of mouse embryogenesis requires both the maternal and paternal genomes. Cell, 37(1), 179-183. Meinecke, B. and Meinecke-Tillmann, S. (1993) Effects of a-amanitin on nuclear maturation of porcine oocytes in vitro. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 98(1), 195-201. Meng, L., Ely, J. J., Stouffer, R. L. and Wolf, D. P. (1997) Rhesus monkeys produced by nuclear transfer. Biology of Reproduction, 57(2), 454-459. 136
Minshull, J., Blow, J. J. and Hunt, T. (1989) Translation of cyclin mRNA is necessary for extracts of activated Xenopus eggs to enter mitosis. Cell, 56(6), 947-956. Mitalipov, S. M., Zhou, Q., Byrne, J. A., Ji, W. Z., Norgren, R. B. and Wolf, D. P. (2007) Reprogramming following somatic cell nuclear transfer in primates is dependent upon nuclear remodeling. Human Reproduction, 22(8), 2232-2242. Miyano, T., Ebihara, M., Goto, Y., Hirao, Y., Nagai, T. and Kato, S. (1995) Inhibitory action of hypoxanthine on meiotic resumption of denuded pig follicular oocytes in vitro. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 273(1), 70-75. Miyoshi, K., Inoue, S., Himaki, T., Mikawa, S. and Yoshida, M. (2007) Birth of cloned miniature pigs derived from somatic cell nuclear transferred embryos activated by ultrasound treatment. Molecular Reproduction and Development, 74(12), 1568-1574. Modlinski, J. A. (1978) Transfer of embryonic nuclei to fertilised mouse eggs and development of tetraploid blastocysts. Nature, 273(5662), 466-467. Modlinski, J. A. (1981) The fate of inner cell mass and trophectoderm nuclei transplanted to fertilized mouse eggs. Nature, 292(5821), 342-343. Montag, M., van der Ven, K., Delacretaz., G, Rink, K. and van der Ven, H. (1998) Laser-assisted microdissection of the zona pellucida facilitates polar body biopsy. Fertility and Sterility, 69(3), 539-542. Moor, R. M. and Crosby, I. M. (1986) Protein requirements for germinal vesicle breakdown in ovine oocytes. Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology, 94,207-220. Moore, N. W., Adams, C. E. and Rowson, L. E. (1968) Developmental potential of single blastomeres of the rabbit egg. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 17(3), 527-531. Moricard, R. and Fonbrune, P. De. (1937) Nouvelles etudes experimentale sur les mecanismes de la formation du premier globule in vitro chez les mammifkres. Arch Anat Microscop, 33,113-128. Motlik, J. and Fulka, J. (1976) Breakdown of the germinal vesicle in pig oocytes in vivo and in vitro. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 198(2), 155-162. Motlik, J. and Kubelka, M. (1990) Cell-cycle aspects of growth and maturation of mammalian oocytes. Molecular Reproduction and Development, 27(4), 366-375. 137
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The University of -210 Nottingham M
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treated oocytes was recorded at 38
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ........
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2.5.1.2 Preparation of enucleation/
Page 9 and 10:
CHAPTER 6 .........................
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Process
Page 13 and 14:
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS A23187 AC AI
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MgSO4.7H20 MAPK MAPKK MAPKKK MBP mg
Page 17 and 18:
CHAPTER 1 LITERATURE REVIEW The aim
Page 19 and 20:
The production of multiple offsprin
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cytoplasm which contained the nucle
Page 23 and 24:
pluripotency, as demonstrated by th
Page 25 and 26:
gene-targeting via somatic cell clo
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conventional breeding and genetic m
Page 29 and 30:
Oocyte maturation is generally cont
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ooýcýýommý MPF Time Figure 1.3
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not obtain clones by SCNT using bra
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A Nuclear NEBD PCC reformation DNA
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1.2.3.2 MPF, MAPK, NEBD and PCC in
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Little is known about the mechanism
Page 41 and 42:
development of porcine embryos prod
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short-wavelength, UV excitable fluo
Page 45 and 46:
The procedure is to expel the PBI a
Page 47 and 48:
The majority of successful porcine
Page 49 and 50:
Until 1997, the established dogma i
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deacetylases (HDACs). Trichostatin
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Figure 1.5 presents the general exp
Page 55 and 56:
CHAPTER 2 General materials and met
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2.3 Oocyte staining and assessment
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holding pipette enucleation pipette
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! 00-0 !".. ww "'') ^ýýe ;ý ý
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,rjý. 7!: rY Is All Pi D r. Figure
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were washed three times in embryo c
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Three replicates of batches of oocy
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fertilisation, the occurrence of po
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3.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 3.2.1 Exp
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I 57
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3.3 RESULTS 3.3.1 Conventional matu
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ýIC M 00 N N N N 0 öa oÜd U 0 0
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Meiotic stage in CAMP treated oocyt
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3.4 DISCUSSION The development of N
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44 h. It was comparable to that (93
Page 85 and 86:
oocyte (Chen et al., 1990). In the
Page 87 and 88:
CHAPTER 4 Parthenogenetic developme
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mechanical and chemical procedures.
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COCs were collected and oocytes wer
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f. " ý1403: 0.71 14 - 'Ir I A Figu
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100% 90% 80% 70% d 60% 50% 0 40% 30
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4.4 DISCUSSION For successful porci
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In addition to the listed benefits
Page 101 and 102: CHAPTER 5 Effect of caffeine treatm
Page 103 and 104: in vitro substrates. In pigs, Naito
Page 105 and 106: 5.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 5.2.1 Exp
Page 107 and 108: 5.2.2 In vitro maturation of porcin
Page 109 and 110: Blastocysts at day 7 were stained a
Page 111 and 112: Figure 5.2 MPF and MAPK activities
Page 113 and 114: A 4500000 N 4000000 3500000 Z 30000
Page 115 and 116: e ýo; +ý \.. 4.0 ob "i "s NW Ir
Page 117 and 118: 5.3.4 Effects of caffeine treatment
Page 119 and 120: Figure 5.6 Effects of 5 mM caffeine
Page 121 and 122: 5.4 DISCUSSION In the first experim
Page 123 and 124: In the final experiment, developmen
Page 125 and 126: CHAPTER 6 General discussion 7.1 Ma
Page 127 and 128: cumulus cells could be observed spe
Page 129 and 130: parthenogenetic development excludi
Page 131 and 132: demonstrated treatment of the TI en
Page 133 and 134: REFERENCES Abeydeera, L. R., Wang,
Page 135 and 136: Bromhall, J. D. (1975) Nuclear trna
Page 137 and 138: Christmann, L., Jung, T. and Moor,
Page 139 and 140: and human ovarian oocytes. Nature,
Page 141 and 142: Funahashi, H., Cantley, T. C. and D
Page 143 and 144: Hartwell, L. H. (1973) Three additi
Page 145 and 146: Jelinkovä, L., Kubelka, M., Motlik
Page 147 and 148: Kubelka, M., Anger, M., Pavlok, A.,
Page 149 and 150: Le Bourhis, D., Beaujean, N., Ruffi
Page 151: Liu, L., Oldenbourg, R., Trimarchi,
Page 155 and 156: Oback, B. and Wells, D. N. Cloning
Page 157 and 158: A. E., Garst, A. S., Moore, M., Dem
Page 159 and 160: Rossomando, A. J., Payne, D. M., We
Page 161 and 162: Spemann, H. Embryonic development a
Page 163 and 164: Development. 55(2), 121-127. Törne
Page 165 and 166: Production of the first cloned came
Page 167 and 168: oocytes. Reproduction, 125(5), 645-
Page 169 and 170: 00 Cl) h 'Cb a) Ü^W wv F NC a b d
Page 171 and 172: In In ý. ö O V %) ö ö N _ ö O
Page 173 and 174: - u2 y vý'ý OOU 1-1 00 ^ OO NN ö
Page 175 and 176: aý yy U a 2 w I-N O N 'T N 1-1 NO
Page 177: . 10 CA aý v 2 4 1-1 1-1 o Np cc o
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