-210 Nottingham - Nottingham eTheses - The University of Nottingham
-210 Nottingham - Nottingham eTheses - The University of Nottingham
-210 Nottingham - Nottingham eTheses - The University of Nottingham
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TABLE OF CONTENTS<br />
ABSTRACT .................................................................................<br />
i<br />
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................... iii<br />
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...........................<br />
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS .........................................................<br />
iv<br />
ix<br />
LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................... x<br />
LIST OF TABLES .....................................................................<br />
xi<br />
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................... xii<br />
CHAPTER 1 ..............................................................................<br />
1<br />
Literature review<br />
1.1 Brief history and introduction <strong>of</strong> nuclear transfer 1<br />
1.1.1 ..............................<br />
Early experiments <strong>of</strong> sea urchin and frogs 3<br />
....................................<br />
1.1.2 Mammalian experiments .........................................................<br />
5<br />
1.1.3 Why SCNT? ........................................................................<br />
8<br />
1.1.4 Why are pigs important?<br />
8<br />
1.1.4.1 .........................................................<br />
Fundamental science 8<br />
1.1.4.2 ...............................................................<br />
Medical applications 9<br />
1.1.4.3 ...............................................................<br />
Agricultural applications 10<br />
.........................................................<br />
1.2 Biological factors affecting the efficiency <strong>of</strong> somatic cell cloning......... 11<br />
1.2.1 Recipient cells 11<br />
1.2.1.1 ................................................ ..................... Types <strong>of</strong> recipient cells 11<br />
1.2.1.2 ............................................................<br />
MPF in oocytes .....................................................................<br />
11<br />
1.2.1.2.1 MPF and cell cycle ..................................................................<br />
11<br />
1.2.1.2.2 MPF and oocytes<br />
12<br />
1.2.1.3<br />
..................................................................<br />
MAPK in oocytes ..................................................................<br />
13<br />
1.2.2 Donor cells ...........................................................................<br />
16<br />
1.2.3 Coordination <strong>of</strong> cytoplast-karyoplast cell cycles 17<br />
1.2.3.1 ............................... ..<br />
Recipient-donor cell cycle coordination theory 17<br />
1.2.3.2 .................................<br />
MPF, MAPK, NEBD and PCC in recipient-donor coordination<br />
1.2.4 ............. .. 21<br />
Producing cytoplast-karyoplast couplets: genomic reprogramming......... 21<br />
1.2.4.1 Enucleation <strong>of</strong> the oocytes: maintaining ploidy................................. 21<br />
1.2.4.2 Quiescence <strong>of</strong> donor cells .................................<br />
21<br />
1.2.4.3 Fusion<br />
........................<br />
and activation ......................................<br />
iv