bishop museum bulletins in cultural and environmental studies

Carlton & Eldredge — Marine Bioinvasions of Hawai‘i
9
Intercept: associated with fisheries products or fouled vessels brought to Hawai‘i, with the species
concerned having subsequent access to open ocean waters. Examples include the polychaete
Boccardia proboscidea, the crab Charybdis helleri, and the alga Sargassum muticum.
Deleted: one or a few individuals collected more than 50 years ago, and for which subsequent
searches have not revealed the species. Examples include the isopod Sphaeroma terebrans,
the mudshrimp Upogebia pugettensis, the crab Carcinus maenas and the sea spider
Anoplodactylus eroticus.
Released; Not Established: intentional release but with no subsequent evidence of having
established a naturally reproducing population in the wild. Examples include the snails
Haliotis spp. and Trochus niloticus, the shrimp Macrobrachium rosenbergii, and numerous
marine fish species.
Escaped; Not Established: species that escaped from culture operations, but with no subsequent
evidence of having established a naturally reproducing population in the wild. Examples
include penaeid shrimp, the alga Mazzaella volans, and the alga Macrocystis pyrifera.
CRYPTOGENIC:
Species that are not clearly native or introduced (Carlton, 1996a).
NATIvE:
Species present prior to human contact. endemic species are found only in Hawai‘i; indigenous
species are native but not unique to the Islands.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We are grateful to a large number of colleagues who have provided advice, assistance, clarification
of records, reprints, and excavation of obscure literature. These include Isabella Abbott, Shane
Ahyong, James Allen, Julie Bailey-Brock, Rolando Bastida-Zavala, Michael Berrill, Rudiger Bieler,
Chip Biernbaum, Barbara Butler, David Ronald Bybee, Stephen Cairns, Dale Calder, Roy Caldwell,
Debby Carlton, John Chapman, Donald Chandler, C. Alan Child, Eugene Coan, Andrew Cohen,
Linda Cole, Steven Coles, Rachel Collin, William Cooke, Robert Cowie, Gerald L. Crow, Peter
Davie, Michael Dawson, Amanda Demopoulos, Matthew Dick, Bert Draper, Ralph DeFelice,
Ronald Englund, Christer Erséus, Neal Evenhuis, Daphne Fautin, Darryl Felder, Paul Fofonoff,
William Font, Charles Galt, Jonathan Geller, Lisa-Ann Gershwin, Christopher Glasby, Scott
Godwin, D. Goodwin, Terry Gosliner, David Greenfield, Danièle Guinot, David Gulko, Eduardo
Hajdu, Michael Hadfield, S.N. Harkantra, Leslie Harris, Richard Heard, Robert Hershler, Brenden
Holland, Charlotte Holmquist, Bridget Holohan, John Hooper, John Hoover, Frank Howarth, Samuel
Ensung Kahng, Regina Kawamoto, Alison Kay, Robert Kinzie, Phyllis Knight-Jones, Alan Kohn,
Gretchen Lambert, Janet Lamberson, James Lowry, Josh Mackie, Antonio Frias Martins, Karen
Maruska, George Matsumoto, Linda McCann, Claudia Mills, Anthony Montgomery, Bruce Mundy,
Todd Newberry, William Newman, Peter Ng, Gordon Nishida, Arne Nygren, Daniel Otte, Brian
Paavo, Gustav Paulay, Sara Pelleteri, Mary Petersen, Andrew Pitman, Cory Pittman, Richard Pyle,
John E. Randall, Geoff Read, David Reid, Raul Aguilar Rosas, Gary Rosenberg, Michael Roy,
Dennis Russell, Katsushi Sakai, Al Samuelson, Marilyn Schotte, Michelle Kelly-Borges Shanks,
Alison Sherwood, Karla McDermid Smith, Michael Stat, Isabel Stirling, Stefano Taiti, C. Takahashi,
Harry ten Hove, Thomas Theeger, Wesley Thorsson, Rob van Soest, Roy Tsuda, Catherine Unabia,
Daniel Wagner, Kerstin Wasson, Les Watling, Judith Winston, Robert Woollacott, Brian Wysor,
Chela Zabin, and Helmut Zibrowius. Funding for our work was provided by The Charles H. and
Margaret B. Edmondson Trust to which we are deeply thankful.