bishop museum bulletins in cultural and environmental studies

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Carlton & Eldredge — Marine Bioinvasions of Hawai‘i 39 diaphana (type locality, Australia)] extended the range of this species to the Hawaiian Islands by reporting it from Kāne‘ohe Bay “from shallow water”, based upon material collected in 1972 (W. Cooke, pers. comm., July 1996). Hoover (1998, 2006) illustrates specimens from Palea Point, O‘ahu, in 7 m of water. Based upon many synonyms, this is a cosmopolitan hydroid occurring in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans (Calder, 1991), or it is perhaps a species complex. Calder (1991) concurred with earlier taxonomic conclusions that a hydroid described from Hawai‘i, Sertularella torreyi, by Nutting (1905) is another synonym of S. diaphana. We note, however, that Nutting’s material was from deep water (128 m) off the south coast of Moloka‘i, as well as from between 742 and 1372 m off Kaua‘i, suggesting a re-evaluation of shallow-water and deep-water taxa may be of value. Sertularia subtilis Fraser, 1937 [See Discussion] Cooke (1977a) extended the range of this western tropical Atlantic Ocean (previously known from Puerto Rico) species into the Pacific Ocean by reporting it from Kahe Point, O‘ahu. However, S. subtilis is a poorly known species, and Cooke’s specimens are regarded as a misidentification of Tridentata hupferi (D. Calder, pers. comm., June 2003). Tridentata loculosa Busk, 1852 Cryptogenic = Sertularia ligulata Thornely, 1904 This widespread tropical Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Ocean hydroid was reported by Cooke [as Sertularia ligulata (Lamouroux, 1816)], from the surface of Porites lobata in 2 m of water in Kāne‘ohe Bay (material collected in 1972; W. Cooke, pers. comm., July 1996). It was found again in 1999 in Kāne‘ohe Bay and in 2000 in Waikīkī (Coles et al., 2002a, 2002b, the latter as Tridentata ligulata). Tridentata hupferi (Broch, 1914) Cryptogenic = Sertularia subtilis of Cooke (1977a), not Fraser, 1937 Cooke (1977a) reported this species (as Sertularia subtilis) from 2 m of water in coral rubble at Kahe Point reef, based upon material collected in 1972 (W. Cooke, pers. comm., July 1996). Cooke’s identification of S. subtilis is regarded as a misidentification of Tridentata hupferi by D. Calder (pers. comm., June 2003). It still occurs in Kāne‘ohe Bay, based on 1999 collections identified by D. Calder (Coles et al., 2002a, as T. humpferi). It was previously known from West Africa, the Seychelles, and Fiji (D. Calder, identification and pers. comm. to S.L. Coles, 2001). Tridentata turbinata (Lamouroux, 1816) Cryptogenic This hydroid was first found in 2001 in Waikīkī (Coles et al., 2002b). It is widely distributed in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic Oceans (Calder, 1991). Tridentata distans (Lamouroux, 1816) Cryptogenic This species was reported by Cooke (1977a, as Sertularia distans gracilis) from coral rubble at 2 m at Kahe Point Reef, O‘ahu (material collected in 1972; W. Cooke, pers. comm., July 1996). It was reported again in 2001 in Waikīkī (Coles et al., 2002b). It is widely distributed in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic Oceans (Calder, 1991). Tridentata marginata (Kirchenpauer, 1864) Cryptogenic This hydroid was first found in 2001 in Waikīkī (D. Calder pers. comm. June 2002 to S.L. Coles). It is widely distributed in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic Oceans (Calder, 1991).
40 BISHOP MUSEUM BULLETIN IN CULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES 4 (2009) Class Anthozoa (corallimorpharians, corals and anemones) Introduced and Cryptogenic Anthozoa Species Date Vector Native to Introduced Species Culicia rachelfitzhardingeae 1983 SF, BW Indo-Pacific Carijoa riisei 1972 SF, BW Indo-Pacific Diadumene leucolena 1950s SF, BW, R Northwest Atlantic Diadumene lineata 1999 SF, BW, R Japan Diadumene franciscana 1998 SF, BW Unknown Cryptogenic Species Sarcothelia sp. 2000 SF, BW Additional Taxa Treated and Their Status Discosoma nummiforme 1997 R Indo-Pacific Status: Released not established Dendronephthya sp. 1980s BW? Indo-Pacific Status: Failed Montipora turgescens Status: Native Order Corallimorpharia (corallimorpharians) Stichodactylinae Discosoma nummiforme Leuckart in Rüppell, 1828 Released; Not Established = Actinodoscus nummiformis Coles et al. (1999b, p. 47) reported that this anthozoan was first found in the Ala Wai Yacht Harbor in December 1997 by Waikīkī Aquarium staff. The specimens “were artificially attached to a piece of coral rubble, indicating that the organisms had been discarded from a salt-water aquarium. Three small clumps were still growing at the site in April 1999, but the organism has not been observed elsewhere in or outside of the harbor.” It is considered a private release (D. Gulko, pers. comm., 2003). The colonies expanded despite a few attempts to remove them between 1999 and 2004, at which time a formal eradication was launched; no further colonies or individual polyps were detected as of fall 2006 (A. Montgomery & S. Pelleteri, pers. comm., February 2007). Order Scleractinia (stony corals) A thorough study of the pre- and post-World War II coral diversity in the Islands, and a comparison with the islands fossil record, remains to be undertaken. Grigg (1981) noted a hypothesis that Acropora species “may have been introduced by man via vessel traffic between Hawaii and other islands where Acropora exists” but concluded that “In light of the geological record, it is unlikely that Acropora was introduced to Hawaii by man. We know from the reef core at French Frigate Shoals that Acropora was in the Hawaiian Islands at least 100 years before Western contact. There is a remote possibility that Acropora could have been introduced by the early Polynesians on the bottoms of their canoes. However, if this were true, Acropora should be present in the high islands where the majority of the Hawaiians settled.” Maragos et al. (2004) noted seven species of Acropora were present in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands and were nearly absent from the main islands. Specimens of living and dead corals from the Indo-Pacific and not otherwise known from Hawai‘i occasionally are encountered in shallow waters of O‘ahu and other islands. These are usually discarded specimens from aquaria, or may on occasion represent actual attempts to establish new colonies of “exotic” (in the aquarium trade sense) species.
Page 1 and 2: BISHOP MUSEUM BULLETINS IN CULTURAL
Page 4 and 5: Marine Bioinvasions of Hawai‘i Th
Page 6: TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ....
Page 9 and 10: 8 BISHOP MUSEUM BULLETIN IN CULTURA
Page 11 and 12: 10 BISHOP MUSEUM BULLETIN IN CULTUR
Page 39: 38 BISHOP MUSEUM BULLETIN IN CULTUR
Page 91 and 92:
90 BISHOP MUSEUM BULLETIN IN CULTUR
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
100 BISHOP MUSEUM BULLETIN IN CULTU
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203:
show all

bishop museum bulletins in cultural and environmental studies

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?