The Application of Ooubled Haploid Plants to Population ... - MSpace

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2-2 acid B. napus varÏety was Oro. registered in 1968, and the first low enicic acid B. tapa variety was Polar, registered ni 1969. The next Rnprovement was a redudion in glucosinolates. Glucosinolates hydrolyse to suîfkjr+zontaining compounds such as isothiocyanates which have adverse effects on growth in poultry and nonruminant animals (Sauer and Krarner, 1983). The first low enicic acid, low glucosniolate 6. napus variety. Tower, was released in 1974 and the first 'double low' B. rapa variety, Candle. was released in 1977. These 'double IoW oil and meal produd varieties, with less than 5 % erucic acid and 3 mglg glucosinolates, were g iven the designation 'canola' in 1978 (Eskin et al., 1996). S. nigra BI3 BBCC n=f7 AABB n=18 B. deracea B. napus 8. rapa CC AACC AA n=9 n=19 n=lO Figure 2.1. The genomic relationship of Brassica species based on U's triangle (Source: U, 1935). [A, 8 and C = genome; n = chromosome number]
Economic Importance and Distribution Rapeseed oil is a major source for oils and fats, following soybean and palm oil in woddwide production (Askew. 1995). China. Europe. lndia and Canada are the major producers of canolalrapeseed (Kirnber and McGregor, 1995). Canada produces the least of these countries but has shown the most dramatic increase in production by leaping from 0.4 % of worid production in the eariy 1950's to 20 % in1994 (Eskin et al., 1996). Canada had the largest average annual export market from 1988-1992 for seed, followed by the European Union (Kirnber and McGregor, 1995). In 1993, B. rapa led canola production in western Canada over B. napus (Askew, 1995). B. rapa acreage is highest in Alberta, equivalent to B. napus acreage in Saskatchewan and is lower than B. napus in Manitoba (Eskin et al.. 1996). Brassica crops are suitable for growth in western Canada due to their ability to geminate and grow at low temperatures. Kondra et al. (1983) found seed of B. rapa to be more sensitive to low soi1 temperatures during germination than 8. napus. However. B. rapa is suited to production in the northem portion of the canola growing area because of its eariy maturity, which reduces the importance of early seeding that is critical for aie later maturing B. napus. This makes B. rapa a desirable crop for production in norüiern regions. There are spring and winter foms of both species but the spring foms predominate in Canada due to the lack of a sufficiently winter hardy cultivar.
Page 1 and 2: The Application of Ooubled Haploid
Page 3 and 4: COPYRIGET P1ERbIISSION PAGE A Thesu
Page 5 and 6: 111 application in 8. rapa cultivar
Page 7 and 8: v TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTWT ACKNOWLE
Page 9 and 10: VI1 LIST OF TABLES TABLE Page EFI',
Page 11 and 12: lx LlST OF FIGURES FIGURE Page Prod
Page 13 and 14: 1.2 performance. Production of DH p
Page 15: History of Canola Produdion of Bras
Page 19 and 20: 2.5 genes involved in recognizhg an
Page 21 and 22: 2.7 There is potential for loss of
Page 23 and 24: 2.9 their stability under different
Page 25 and 26: 2.1 1 selected and selfed to create
Page 27 and 28: 2.1 3 production (Mathias and Wbbel
Page 29 and 30: 2.1 5 traits have low heritability.
Page 31 and 32: 2.17 opposite strands of template D
Page 33 and 34: Figure 2.3. The AFLP procedure usin
Page 35 and 36: 2.21 non-specifïc arüfacts which
Page 37 and 38: 2.23 maintenance of DNA extradion p
Page 39 and 40: Cornparison of Bud Pollination and
Page 41 and 42: INTRODUCTION Production of doubled
Page 43 and 44: Effkiency lndex = total number of s
Page 46 and 47: Application of doubfeâ haploid dev
Page 48 and 49: Brassita rapa represents approximat
Page 50 and 51: 4.5 and a daylnight temperature of
Page 52 and 53: 4-7 plants within each tent using a
Page 54 and 55: 4.9 Days to Flowanng Reward OH Iine
Page 56 and 57: 4-11 In Canan, Reward Cja and Cl,,
Page 58 and 59: 4.13 counterparts. The extra genera
Page 60 and 61: 4-15 composite population can eithe
Page 62: Table 4.2. Mean parameter values fo
Page 68 and 69:
Table 4.8. Correlation of days to f
Page 72 and 73:
Detedion of Genetic Variation in Bm
Page 74:
INTRODUCTION The production of doub
Page 77 and 78:
5-6 represented one sample from C,
Page 79 and 80:
5-8 the percent of polymorphism pre
Page 81 and 82:
5-10 and C, and a similar level of
Page 83 and 84:
Table 5.2. Polymorphic levels in Cl
Page 86 and 87:
5-15 Table 5.5. Proportion of polyr
Page 88 and 89:
6. GENERAL DlSCUSSlON AND CONCLUSIO
Page 90 and 91:
6-3 B. rapa OH Iines. Seleded DH Ii
Page 92 and 93:
Abramson, RD. 1995. Thermostable DN
Page 94 and 95:
Diers, B.W. and Osbom, T.C. 1994. G
Page 96 and 97:
Jasieniuk, M., Brill&Babel, AL. and
Page 98 and 99:
Narasimhulu, SBw and Chopra, U.L. 1
Page 100 and 101:
Schuler, T.J., Hutcheson, O.S. and
Page 102 and 103:
Williams, J.G.K., HanMey, M.K., Raf
Page 104 and 105:
Appendix 12. Data matrix of RAPO pr
Page 106 and 107:
Apperidi 1. (-nueû) Month D~Y Temp
Page 108 and 109:
Mean Max [mm)
Page 110 and 111:
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1
Page 112:
Append'bc 4. FM measummmts fw param
Page 116 and 117:
Locaüon Plant Id. RedTcate €MG D
Page 118 and 119:
C24 C24 C2-4 C2-8 C2-8 C2-8 C2-8 c2
Page 120 and 121:
Location Plant Id. Replicate €MG
Page 122 and 123:
Locaüori Plant ld. Replicate EMG O
Page 124 and 125:
Appendix 10. The mean performance o
Page 127:
f i . I 1 t a I 1 I I t t c i r' !m
Page 130 and 131:
Appendii 12. Data matrix of RAPO pm
Page 133:
Appendix 13. @mtïnued) Primer Comp
Page 138:
Appendk 14. (continuedl Primer Comp
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