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2.18 and have been shown to be dosely associatecf with regulation and expression of genes which makes them desirable genetic markers (Hamada et al., 1984). A disadvantage to using SSR in genotype analysis is that it is timeconsurning to identifjt and sequence the regions fianking the SSR for primer development similar to the process of identiiing probes useful for RFLP analysis. There is evidence that certain primers are able to arnplify polyrnorphic SSR products fim a wide range of plant species (Gupta et al., 1994). Development of a universal set of primers that can be used across a range of genomes would increase the usefulness of SSRs. SSRs have been used to detect genetic distance and predict heterosis in rice (Zhang et al.. 1995) and enhance the genetic map in maize (Gupta et al., 1994). Two cycles of PCR amplification are usually used to identify AFLP markets (Vos et al., 1995). The genomic ONA is cut with two restriction endonucleases and ligated to adaptors consisting of oligonucleotides with overiapping ends which anneal to the restrïcted DNA (Figure 2.3). Primers are designed with the sequence of the adaptors and arbitrary nucleotides attached to the 3' end. The number and type of nucleotides can be varied to produce diffeient AFLP patterns. PCR amplification products are separated on a sequencing gel, producing a dominant marker. A higher proportion of the genome is assayed with each primer combination than with any other rnarker which makes it efficient for constructing genetic rnaps (van Eck et al., 1995).
Figure 2.3. The AFLP procedure using two primer pairs. Genomic DNA is digested by EcoRl and Mse I restriction endonucleases in this example. (Source: CIMMYT, Int., 1996)
Page 1 and 2: The Application of Ooubled Haploid
Page 3 and 4: COPYRIGET P1ERbIISSION PAGE A Thesu
Page 5 and 6: 111 application in 8. rapa cultivar
Page 7 and 8: v TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTWT ACKNOWLE
Page 9 and 10: VI1 LIST OF TABLES TABLE Page EFI',
Page 11 and 12: lx LlST OF FIGURES FIGURE Page Prod
Page 13 and 14: 1.2 performance. Production of DH p
Page 15 and 16: History of Canola Produdion of Bras
Page 17 and 18: Economic Importance and Distributio
Page 19 and 20: 2.5 genes involved in recognizhg an
Page 21 and 22: 2.7 There is potential for loss of
Page 23 and 24: 2.9 their stability under different
Page 25 and 26: 2.1 1 selected and selfed to create
Page 27 and 28: 2.1 3 production (Mathias and Wbbel
Page 29 and 30: 2.1 5 traits have low heritability.
Page 31: 2.17 opposite strands of template D
Page 35 and 36: 2.21 non-specifïc arüfacts which
Page 37 and 38: 2.23 maintenance of DNA extradion p
Page 39 and 40: Cornparison of Bud Pollination and
Page 41 and 42: INTRODUCTION Production of doubled
Page 43 and 44: Effkiency lndex = total number of s
Page 46 and 47: Application of doubfeâ haploid dev
Page 48 and 49: Brassita rapa represents approximat
Page 50 and 51: 4.5 and a daylnight temperature of
Page 52 and 53: 4-7 plants within each tent using a
Page 54 and 55: 4.9 Days to Flowanng Reward OH Iine
Page 56 and 57: 4-11 In Canan, Reward Cja and Cl,,
Page 58 and 59: 4.13 counterparts. The extra genera
Page 60 and 61: 4-15 composite population can eithe
Page 62: Table 4.2. Mean parameter values fo
Page 68 and 69: Table 4.8. Correlation of days to f
Page 72 and 73: Detedion of Genetic Variation in Bm
Page 74: INTRODUCTION The production of doub
Page 77 and 78: 5-6 represented one sample from C,
Page 79 and 80: 5-8 the percent of polymorphism pre
Page 81 and 82: 5-10 and C, and a similar level of
Page 83 and 84:
Table 5.2. Polymorphic levels in Cl
Page 86 and 87:
5-15 Table 5.5. Proportion of polyr
Page 88 and 89:
6. GENERAL DlSCUSSlON AND CONCLUSIO
Page 90 and 91:
6-3 B. rapa OH Iines. Seleded DH Ii
Page 92 and 93:
Abramson, RD. 1995. Thermostable DN
Page 94 and 95:
Diers, B.W. and Osbom, T.C. 1994. G
Page 96 and 97:
Jasieniuk, M., Brill&Babel, AL. and
Page 98 and 99:
Narasimhulu, SBw and Chopra, U.L. 1
Page 100 and 101:
Schuler, T.J., Hutcheson, O.S. and
Page 102 and 103:
Williams, J.G.K., HanMey, M.K., Raf
Page 104 and 105:
Appendix 12. Data matrix of RAPO pr
Page 106 and 107:
Apperidi 1. (-nueû) Month D~Y Temp
Page 108 and 109:
Mean Max [mm)
Page 110 and 111:
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1
Page 112:
Append'bc 4. FM measummmts fw param
Page 116 and 117:
Locaüon Plant Id. RedTcate €MG D
Page 118 and 119:
C24 C24 C2-4 C2-8 C2-8 C2-8 C2-8 c2
Page 120 and 121:
Location Plant Id. Replicate €MG
Page 122 and 123:
Locaüori Plant ld. Replicate EMG O
Page 124 and 125:
Appendix 10. The mean performance o
Page 127:
f i . I 1 t a I 1 I I t t c i r' !m
Page 130 and 131:
Appendii 12. Data matrix of RAPO pm
Page 133:
Appendix 13. @mtïnued) Primer Comp
Page 138:
Appendk 14. (continuedl Primer Comp
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