Obstetric and Gynecological Nursing - The Carter Center

Oarl cavity feels salivation
Gums- hypertkophic and hyperemic easily bleed (2 0
increased systemic estrogen)
to
Gastrointestinal mobility May be reduced due to increased
progesterone (w/c decreased the hormone motline stimulate
smooth msceles in GIt) hence gastric emptying is slowed and
similarly in other part of GIT constipation (due to increased
water absorption)
Stomach Production of gastrin increase increased arstric
volume and decreases PH, mucous production increased
PUD usually improve or disappear becuase of these changes
during pregnancy,However during the pregnancy because of
the enlarging uterus heart burn is common due to gastric
refulex
Enlarging uterus slower emptying time, increase intragstric
pressure increase acidty and increased gasric refulex
The anatomical postion of small and large intestine as well as
appendix will shift because of the enlarging uterus
3.6.2 Galbladder
Progestrone decresed motility → decreased emptiy time of
bile →stasis →stone formation and infection.
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