THE FIVE FACTORS OF PERSONALITY AND INTERPERSONAL ...

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study failed to support prior research. One possible explanation is that as assertion and and conflict resolution are associated with addressing relationship problems, it is feasible that conscientious women engage in preventive activhies, such as whhholding relational irritafion (e.g.. Cloven & Roloflf, 1994) which may reduce the importance of more interventive behaviors (e.g., conflict resolution). An unpredicted finding emerged, in that conscientiousness was positively associated whh emotional support If the preventive component of relational functioning is accurate, then h makes sense that conscientious individuals might be highly attuned to their partner' emotional states and respond accordingly by providing support The first set of hypotheses also stated that openness would be poshively related to self-disclosure (hypothesis Id). As openness did not meet the condhion for testing mediation, this factor was excluded from the regression analyses Openness has been typified as receptiveness to new ideas and experiences (McCrae. 1990), therefore h seemed likely that more open individuals would engage in more disclosure about these experiences. A previous study supported this hypothesis (Bouchard et al, 1988), but a similar pattern was not evident in this research One possible explanation is that the current study failed to assess adequately the specific dimensions of self-disclosure that are associated with openness Another possibilhy is that openness is more strongly related to disclosure receipt than disclosure provision. For example, open individuals may be more interested in learning about other's experiences than sharing their own viewpoints. Further, since the respondents in the current study had been in relationships for a mean of 2.5 years, h is possible that openness may have had its greatest impact early in the relationship and hs association with self-disclosure is less relevant at this stage 112
For example, openness may be more critical in attraction and inhiation when partners are first sharing personal information or engaging in novel experiences together If relational interactions become routine, then openness may be played out in other areas of the individual's Hfe. The last of the first set of hypotheses (le) stated that neuroticism would be negatively associated whh self-disclosure, emotional support, assertion, and conflict resolution. This hypothesis was partially supported, neuroticism was negatively related to assertion and conflict resolution, but unrelated to self-disclosure and emotional support. The associations with assertion and conflict are consistent with past research (e.g., Bolger & Zuckerman, 1995, Olinger et al, 1987). It seems reasonable to expect that individuals who are anxious and hostile would engage in less effective problemsolving strategies. It was somewhat surprising that neuroticism was not inversely related to disclosure or support It seemed reasonable that more neurotic individuals would engage in less disclosure whh their partners. One possible explanation is that the measure of disclosure failed to adequately distinguish the types of disclosure exhibhed in relationships. For example, neuroticism may be associated whh greater rates of negatively valenced self-disclosure, but unrelated to prosocial disclosure and the competence measure failed to assess disclosure valence Similarly, this characteristic may be unrelated to emotional support because neurotic individuals may be focused on their own emotional experiences and are either (a) less able to detect their partners needs for emotional support, or (b) less willing/able to respond to such needs The second set of hypotheses stated that the distal factors would be associated with satisfaction The first of these hypotheses stated that agreeableness, extraversion, 113
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THE FIVE FACTORS OF PERSONALITY AND
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My sincere thanks
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ABSTRACT This study utilized the co
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION According to
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particular interaction episode" (p
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proximal context, which in turn aff
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contextual model should examine the
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Hypotheses The following hypotheses
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CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW This c
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experience and interpersonal intera
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stability, and (e) culture McCrae a
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samples of aduhs and children They
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personality descriptors. In the sec
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the five factors were identified in
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When creating a new scale, it is ne
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item adjective list. McCrae and Cos
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was .72 and the largest divergent c
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Another study conducted by McCrae a
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as measured by the PRF, can be view
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Longitudinal studies provide insigh
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The major weakness of this line of
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interactions, men report higher inh
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more likely to avoid initiation int
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concluded that individuals high in
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type of self-disclosure was also as
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Emotional Support Emotional support
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likely to be desired if they have t
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self-esteem, self-confidence, inter
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colored by other information about
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confederates, but more negative soc
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esults cannot be generalized to opp
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Lloyd (1990) contacted the same cou
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poshively related to discussing and
Page 67 and 68: contrast, unstable couples were cha
Page 69 and 70: Personality and Interpersonal Compe
Page 71 and 72: partner's personaHty (e.g., extrave
Page 73 and 74: negatively associated whh prosocial
Page 75 and 76: ated by peers on assertiveness and
Page 77 and 78: These results support the premise t
Page 79 and 80: maintenance O'Brien and DeLongis (1
Page 81 and 82: satisfaction, distal factors (persp
Page 83 and 84: marriage and then annually for thre
Page 85 and 86: study indicated that spouses' attri
Page 87 and 88: Other studies have acknowledged bot
Page 89 and 90: CHAPTER m METHOD Participants Parti
Page 91 and 92: (steady dating=61%, engaged=9%, coh
Page 93 and 94: Table 2. Distribution of scores for
Page 95 and 96: elationship The hems were summed to
Page 97 and 98: Beliefs Test (Eiedlson & Epstein, 1
Page 99 and 100: CHAPTER IV RESULTS Preliminarv Anal
Page 101 and 102: ^ CN -.16* m .19* .29** O ON O .19*
Page 103 and 104: Table 5 Regressions of proximal fac
Page 105 and 106: Table 6. Regression of liking on th
Page 107 and 108: Table 7 Regression of liking on the
Page 109 and 110: Table 8 Hierarchical regression of
Page 111 and 112: CHAPTER V DISCUSSION This study exa
Page 113 and 114: hierarchical level (Costa & McCrae,
Page 115 and 116: Finally, the measure of satisfactio
Page 117: "real" me, "I told my partner about
Page 121 and 122: examined Neuroticism was negatively
Page 123 and 124: Future research should examine how
Page 125 and 126: developmental theory would help us
Page 127 and 128: Boyle, G. J (1989) Re-examination o
Page 129 and 130: Costa, P T , iS: McCrae, R R (1985)
Page 131 and 132: Forgas, J , Levinger, G., & Moylan,
Page 133 and 134: Kentle, R. L (1994) An examination
Page 135 and 136: McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1989
Page 137 and 138: Rusbuh, C. E . Johnson, D J., & Mor
Page 139 and 140: Wildman, B. G. (1986) Perception of
Page 141 and 142: Subject We would like you to answer
Page 143 and 144: IF YOU ARE NOT IN A ROMANTIC RELATI
Page 145 and 146: STRONGLY STRONGLY DISAGREE AGREE 1
Page 147 and 148: I AM POOR I .AM EXTREMELY .AT THIS
Page 149 and 150: Please answer the following questio
Page 151 and 152: Next, we are interested in how your
Page 153 and 154: NOT AT ALL EXTREMELY 1 2 3 4 5 4 Co
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