THE FIVE FACTORS OF PERSONALITY AND INTERPERSONAL ...

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self-ratings were more internally consistent than peer ratings As in the previous stud\. agreeableness, conscientiousness, and extraversion received stronger support than emotional stability or culture Further support for the five factor structure was obtained by Goldberg (1990) in a series of three studies. In the first study, 187 college students rated themselves on approximately 1700 trait terms based on Norman's (1967) original 2800 terms These were then aggregated into 75 scale scores for each subject and the adjective clusters were subjected to ten different factor analytic procedures. The five factors emerged in each of the procedures. The second study examined the similarity of self and peer ratings among four groups of college students (712 subjects). Two groups rated the extent to which the traits accurately described themselves, two groups rated the extent to which the traits accurately described peers. All the subjects rated 133 trait variables which were identified from the first study. The resuhs indicated that the five factor model emerged as the best fit across the samples. In the last study, Goldberg (1990) utilized a similar procedure to evaluate a reduced list of 100 trait variables. The factor analysis again revealed the five factor solution was the best fit Goldberg (1990) concluded that the five factor model of personality is robust and valid. There is additional evidence that the FFM can be utilized to explain personality differences among subjects in various age groups For example, Digman and Takemoto- Chock (1981) conducted a study to examine the consistency of the model across several 16
samples of aduhs and children They conducted a meta-analysis of data from seven studies and completed a factor analysis on each of the data sets The FFM was consistently confirmed Based on the robustness of the model, Digman and Takemoto- Chock (1981) stated that "regardless of whether teachers rate children, officer candidates rate one another, college students rate one another, or clinical staff members rate graduate trainees, the resuhs are pretty much the same" (p. 164) Cross-cultural Lexical Research Together, the five factors are viewed as fundamental dimensions of personality across age groups and gender. From the lexical approach, it follows that the most important personality descriptors will develop in the natural language of cultures to describe important individual differences Evidence that these personality traits are universal across languages and cultures will provide further support for the generalizability of the FFM (John, 1990) Digman and Inouye (1986) examined teacher ratings of 499 Hawaiian children to determine if the five factors are sufficient to account for individual differences in the Hawaiian culture The analysis revealed five factors were a good fit for this sample Digman and Inouye (1986) concluded that the five factor model provides a "stable framework" in which all verbal descriptions of personality can be found (p 120) Noller, Law, and Comrey (1987) evaluated 669 Australians on three divergent measures of personality The purpose of this study was to determine whether 17
Page 1 and 2: THE FIVE FACTORS OF PERSONALITY AND
Page 3 and 4: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My sincere thanks
Page 5 and 6: ABSTRACT This study utilized the co
Page 7 and 8: CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION According to
Page 9 and 10: particular interaction episode" (p
Page 11 and 12: proximal context, which in turn aff
Page 13 and 14: contextual model should examine the
Page 15 and 16: Hypotheses The following hypotheses
Page 17 and 18: CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW This c
Page 19 and 20: experience and interpersonal intera
Page 21: stability, and (e) culture McCrae a
Page 25 and 26: personality descriptors. In the sec
Page 27 and 28: the five factors were identified in
Page 29 and 30: When creating a new scale, it is ne
Page 31 and 32: item adjective list. McCrae and Cos
Page 33 and 34: was .72 and the largest divergent c
Page 35 and 36: Another study conducted by McCrae a
Page 37 and 38: as measured by the PRF, can be view
Page 39 and 40: Longitudinal studies provide insigh
Page 41 and 42: The major weakness of this line of
Page 43 and 44: interactions, men report higher inh
Page 45 and 46: more likely to avoid initiation int
Page 47 and 48: concluded that individuals high in
Page 49 and 50: type of self-disclosure was also as
Page 51 and 52: Emotional Support Emotional support
Page 53 and 54: likely to be desired if they have t
Page 55 and 56: self-esteem, self-confidence, inter
Page 57 and 58: colored by other information about
Page 59 and 60: confederates, but more negative soc
Page 61 and 62: esults cannot be generalized to opp
Page 63 and 64: Lloyd (1990) contacted the same cou
Page 65 and 66: poshively related to discussing and
Page 67 and 68: contrast, unstable couples were cha
Page 69 and 70: Personality and Interpersonal Compe
Page 71 and 72: partner's personaHty (e.g., extrave
Page 73 and 74:
negatively associated whh prosocial
Page 75 and 76:
ated by peers on assertiveness and
Page 77 and 78:
These results support the premise t
Page 79 and 80:
maintenance O'Brien and DeLongis (1
Page 81 and 82:
satisfaction, distal factors (persp
Page 83 and 84:
marriage and then annually for thre
Page 85 and 86:
study indicated that spouses' attri
Page 87 and 88:
Other studies have acknowledged bot
Page 89 and 90:
CHAPTER m METHOD Participants Parti
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(steady dating=61%, engaged=9%, coh
Page 93 and 94:
Table 2. Distribution of scores for
Page 95 and 96:
elationship The hems were summed to
Page 97 and 98:
Beliefs Test (Eiedlson & Epstein, 1
Page 99 and 100:
CHAPTER IV RESULTS Preliminarv Anal
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^ CN -.16* m .19* .29** O ON O .19*
Page 103 and 104:
Table 5 Regressions of proximal fac
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Table 6. Regression of liking on th
Page 107 and 108:
Table 7 Regression of liking on the
Page 109 and 110:
Table 8 Hierarchical regression of
Page 111 and 112:
CHAPTER V DISCUSSION This study exa
Page 113 and 114:
hierarchical level (Costa & McCrae,
Page 115 and 116:
Finally, the measure of satisfactio
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"real" me, "I told my partner about
Page 119 and 120:
For example, openness may be more c
Page 121 and 122:
examined Neuroticism was negatively
Page 123 and 124:
Future research should examine how
Page 125 and 126:
developmental theory would help us
Page 127 and 128:
Boyle, G. J (1989) Re-examination o
Page 129 and 130:
Costa, P T , iS: McCrae, R R (1985)
Page 131 and 132:
Forgas, J , Levinger, G., & Moylan,
Page 133 and 134:
Kentle, R. L (1994) An examination
Page 135 and 136:
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1989
Page 137 and 138:
Rusbuh, C. E . Johnson, D J., & Mor
Page 139 and 140:
Wildman, B. G. (1986) Perception of
Page 141 and 142:
Subject We would like you to answer
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IF YOU ARE NOT IN A ROMANTIC RELATI
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STRONGLY STRONGLY DISAGREE AGREE 1
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I AM POOR I .AM EXTREMELY .AT THIS
Page 149 and 150:
Please answer the following questio
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Next, we are interested in how your
Page 153 and 154:
NOT AT ALL EXTREMELY 1 2 3 4 5 4 Co
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