THE FIVE FACTORS OF PERSONALITY AND INTERPERSONAL ...

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spouse's support behavior Johnson et al. (1993) determined that knowledge of how to communicate social support and perform support behaviors is associated whh greater intimacy in the relationship. Support satisfaction was poshively associated whh intimacy, but not significantly related to actual support behavior According to Johnson et al. (1993), intimacy in relafionships is associated with knowledge of how to communicate emotional support Such support may promote relationship fijnctioning and qualhy. Gruen, Gwadz, and Morrobel (1994) assessed the emotional support of 34 couples during a conflict resolution task. The couples also completed measures of depression and emotional response during the conflict. The resuhs indicated that emotional support was poshively related to feeling pleased and happy for both partners Conflict resolution attempts linked with supportive statements appear to enhance poshive feelings for both partners. Further, poshive emotional responses were inversely related to depressive symptoms for females The authors concluded that emotional support has a beneficial effect in interpersonal relationships by enhancing the qualhy of their partner's emotional experiences Assertiveness Assertion is a compliance gaining strategy in which one partner directly expresses personal rights, opinions, or displeasure with their partner's behavior (Buhrmester et al, 1988, Noller, Feeney Bonnell, & Callan, 1994) Assertion skills are thought to enhance 48
self-esteem, self-confidence, interpersonal relationships, and personal fulfillment (Delamater & McNamara, 1986). Lewis and Gallois (1984) stated that as relationships progress, individuals may become more willing to assert negative feelings and more accepting of negative assertion. In romantic relationships, as in other t\pes of relationships, assertiveness can facilhate relationship maintenance Hull and Schroeder (1979) assessed reactivity to assertiveness In this study. 84 subjects were given a script to initiate a series of conflictual role plays and then instructed to react spontaneously to the confederates. Confederates responded to each inhiate in one of three ways: assertively, unassertively, or aggressively Subjects' reactions to the confederate were rated for conflict resolution (acquiescence to confederates' goal) and pleasantness. Following each role play, the subjects then rated the confederates' behavior (e.g., fairness, friendliness). The resuhs indicated that confederates' unassertive behavior was described as pleasant, but did not resuh in conflict resolution In contrast, confederate aggression was described negafively, but resuhed in conflict resolution Confederate assertion also resuhed in resolution of conflict and was described in both negative (dominant, unsympathetic) and poshive (fair, friendly) terms Hull and Schroeder (1979) stated that assertive behavior is effective, but engenders mixed responses from interaction partners. Thus, assertion was viewed more favorably than aggression, though h was not without risk Kelly, Kern, Kirkley, Patterson, and Keane (1980) explored reactions to assertive/unassertive behaviors as well. Subjects (n = 258) viewed a videotape of a 49
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THE FIVE FACTORS OF PERSONALITY AND
Page 3 and 4: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My sincere thanks
Page 5 and 6: ABSTRACT This study utilized the co
Page 7 and 8: CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION According to
Page 9 and 10: particular interaction episode" (p
Page 11 and 12: proximal context, which in turn aff
Page 13 and 14: contextual model should examine the
Page 15 and 16: Hypotheses The following hypotheses
Page 17 and 18: CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW This c
Page 19 and 20: experience and interpersonal intera
Page 21 and 22: stability, and (e) culture McCrae a
Page 23 and 24: samples of aduhs and children They
Page 25 and 26: personality descriptors. In the sec
Page 27 and 28: the five factors were identified in
Page 29 and 30: When creating a new scale, it is ne
Page 31 and 32: item adjective list. McCrae and Cos
Page 33 and 34: was .72 and the largest divergent c
Page 35 and 36: Another study conducted by McCrae a
Page 37 and 38: as measured by the PRF, can be view
Page 39 and 40: Longitudinal studies provide insigh
Page 41 and 42: The major weakness of this line of
Page 43 and 44: interactions, men report higher inh
Page 45 and 46: more likely to avoid initiation int
Page 47 and 48: concluded that individuals high in
Page 49 and 50: type of self-disclosure was also as
Page 51 and 52: Emotional Support Emotional support
Page 53: likely to be desired if they have t
Page 57 and 58: colored by other information about
Page 59 and 60: confederates, but more negative soc
Page 61 and 62: esults cannot be generalized to opp
Page 63 and 64: Lloyd (1990) contacted the same cou
Page 65 and 66: poshively related to discussing and
Page 67 and 68: contrast, unstable couples were cha
Page 69 and 70: Personality and Interpersonal Compe
Page 71 and 72: partner's personaHty (e.g., extrave
Page 73 and 74: negatively associated whh prosocial
Page 75 and 76: ated by peers on assertiveness and
Page 77 and 78: These results support the premise t
Page 79 and 80: maintenance O'Brien and DeLongis (1
Page 81 and 82: satisfaction, distal factors (persp
Page 83 and 84: marriage and then annually for thre
Page 85 and 86: study indicated that spouses' attri
Page 87 and 88: Other studies have acknowledged bot
Page 89 and 90: CHAPTER m METHOD Participants Parti
Page 91 and 92: (steady dating=61%, engaged=9%, coh
Page 93 and 94: Table 2. Distribution of scores for
Page 95 and 96: elationship The hems were summed to
Page 97 and 98: Beliefs Test (Eiedlson & Epstein, 1
Page 99 and 100: CHAPTER IV RESULTS Preliminarv Anal
Page 101 and 102: ^ CN -.16* m .19* .29** O ON O .19*
Page 103 and 104: Table 5 Regressions of proximal fac
Page 105 and 106:
Table 6. Regression of liking on th
Page 107 and 108:
Table 7 Regression of liking on the
Page 109 and 110:
Table 8 Hierarchical regression of
Page 111 and 112:
CHAPTER V DISCUSSION This study exa
Page 113 and 114:
hierarchical level (Costa & McCrae,
Page 115 and 116:
Finally, the measure of satisfactio
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"real" me, "I told my partner about
Page 119 and 120:
For example, openness may be more c
Page 121 and 122:
examined Neuroticism was negatively
Page 123 and 124:
Future research should examine how
Page 125 and 126:
developmental theory would help us
Page 127 and 128:
Boyle, G. J (1989) Re-examination o
Page 129 and 130:
Costa, P T , iS: McCrae, R R (1985)
Page 131 and 132:
Forgas, J , Levinger, G., & Moylan,
Page 133 and 134:
Kentle, R. L (1994) An examination
Page 135 and 136:
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1989
Page 137 and 138:
Rusbuh, C. E . Johnson, D J., & Mor
Page 139 and 140:
Wildman, B. G. (1986) Perception of
Page 141 and 142:
Subject We would like you to answer
Page 143 and 144:
IF YOU ARE NOT IN A ROMANTIC RELATI
Page 145 and 146:
STRONGLY STRONGLY DISAGREE AGREE 1
Page 147 and 148:
I AM POOR I .AM EXTREMELY .AT THIS
Page 149 and 150:
Please answer the following questio
Page 151 and 152:
Next, we are interested in how your
Page 153 and 154:
NOT AT ALL EXTREMELY 1 2 3 4 5 4 Co
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