THE FIVE FACTORS OF PERSONALITY AND INTERPERSONAL ...

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poshively associated whh self-disclosure. According to Vera and Betz (1992), selfdisclosure appears to be a strong predictor of relationship qualhy for college students Sprecher (1987) examined how affection for a dating partner is influenced by disclosure given and received, and how disclosure affects relationship stabilhy Fift} couples completed self-report measures of self-disclosure and affection and were contacted four years later to determine relationship status Ahhough women reported disclosing more than men, both sexes reported moderate to high levels of disclosure to their partner. Couples that remained together over four years had higher levels of selfdisclosure initially. Perceived partner disclosure was more strongly related to affection than actual disclosure Further, males' perceptions of received disclosure was poshively related to relationship stabilhy. Sprecher (1987) stated that received disclosure, actual or perceived, is rewarding in that it makes the recipient feel loved, trusted, and needed. These rewards appear to poshively impact relationship stabilhy. Self-disclosure is also an important component of satisfying marital relationships Rosenfeld and Bowen (1991) evaluated 928 couples to determine how self-disclosure of both spouses influenced satisfaction. Subjects completed questionnaires of marital safisfaction and disclosure of spouse and self Resuhs indicated that for both husbands and wives, self and spouse disclosure were positively related to marhal satisfaction. High disclosers reported the greatest satisfaction and low disclosers reported the least safisfaction. Rosenfeld and Bowen (1991) concluded that the highest level of marital satisfaction occurs when both spouses are mutually disclosive. 44
Emotional Support Emotional support is the expression of compassion, sympathy, and concern for another individual (Jung, 1987) Emotional support competence has been associated with being warm and senshive (Buhrmester et al., 1988) Barbee et al (1993) stated that a partner who is competent in providing emotional support allows their partner to feel loved and valued, which can improve the relationship. According to Dunkel-Schetter and Skokan (1990), characteristics of the support provider, support recipient, and the relationship influence support attempts. Jung (1988) examined the condhions under which providers would offer support In the first study, subjects rated the degree to which a person deserved their fate, whether support was likely to be helpful, and their likelihood of providing support in four problem vignettes. Resuhs indicated that subjects feh that others were more deserving of their fate if they were responsible for the problem and made little effort to solve h. Support was perceived to be more helpful when the individual was responsible for the problem and made a greater effort to solve h. Jung (1988) argued that subjects may have considered low responsibilhy problems as situations that were uncontrollable by the person. Hence, support may be perceived to be more helpful when the subject had high responsibilhy for creating the problem Interesfingly. willingness to provide support was not related to the degree of personal responsibilhy In the second study, subjects completed questionnaires concerning recent incidents in which they eagerly provided social support and incidents in which they 45
Page 1 and 2: THE FIVE FACTORS OF PERSONALITY AND
Page 3 and 4: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My sincere thanks
Page 5 and 6: ABSTRACT This study utilized the co
Page 7 and 8: CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION According to
Page 9 and 10: particular interaction episode" (p
Page 11 and 12: proximal context, which in turn aff
Page 13 and 14: contextual model should examine the
Page 15 and 16: Hypotheses The following hypotheses
Page 17 and 18: CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW This c
Page 19 and 20: experience and interpersonal intera
Page 21 and 22: stability, and (e) culture McCrae a
Page 23 and 24: samples of aduhs and children They
Page 25 and 26: personality descriptors. In the sec
Page 27 and 28: the five factors were identified in
Page 29 and 30: When creating a new scale, it is ne
Page 31 and 32: item adjective list. McCrae and Cos
Page 33 and 34: was .72 and the largest divergent c
Page 35 and 36: Another study conducted by McCrae a
Page 37 and 38: as measured by the PRF, can be view
Page 39 and 40: Longitudinal studies provide insigh
Page 41 and 42: The major weakness of this line of
Page 43 and 44: interactions, men report higher inh
Page 45 and 46: more likely to avoid initiation int
Page 47 and 48: concluded that individuals high in
Page 49: type of self-disclosure was also as
Page 53 and 54: likely to be desired if they have t
Page 55 and 56: self-esteem, self-confidence, inter
Page 57 and 58: colored by other information about
Page 59 and 60: confederates, but more negative soc
Page 61 and 62: esults cannot be generalized to opp
Page 63 and 64: Lloyd (1990) contacted the same cou
Page 65 and 66: poshively related to discussing and
Page 67 and 68: contrast, unstable couples were cha
Page 69 and 70: Personality and Interpersonal Compe
Page 71 and 72: partner's personaHty (e.g., extrave
Page 73 and 74: negatively associated whh prosocial
Page 75 and 76: ated by peers on assertiveness and
Page 77 and 78: These results support the premise t
Page 79 and 80: maintenance O'Brien and DeLongis (1
Page 81 and 82: satisfaction, distal factors (persp
Page 83 and 84: marriage and then annually for thre
Page 85 and 86: study indicated that spouses' attri
Page 87 and 88: Other studies have acknowledged bot
Page 89 and 90: CHAPTER m METHOD Participants Parti
Page 91 and 92: (steady dating=61%, engaged=9%, coh
Page 93 and 94: Table 2. Distribution of scores for
Page 95 and 96: elationship The hems were summed to
Page 97 and 98: Beliefs Test (Eiedlson & Epstein, 1
Page 99 and 100: CHAPTER IV RESULTS Preliminarv Anal
Page 101 and 102:
^ CN -.16* m .19* .29** O ON O .19*
Page 103 and 104:
Table 5 Regressions of proximal fac
Page 105 and 106:
Table 6. Regression of liking on th
Page 107 and 108:
Table 7 Regression of liking on the
Page 109 and 110:
Table 8 Hierarchical regression of
Page 111 and 112:
CHAPTER V DISCUSSION This study exa
Page 113 and 114:
hierarchical level (Costa & McCrae,
Page 115 and 116:
Finally, the measure of satisfactio
Page 117 and 118:
"real" me, "I told my partner about
Page 119 and 120:
For example, openness may be more c
Page 121 and 122:
examined Neuroticism was negatively
Page 123 and 124:
Future research should examine how
Page 125 and 126:
developmental theory would help us
Page 127 and 128:
Boyle, G. J (1989) Re-examination o
Page 129 and 130:
Costa, P T , iS: McCrae, R R (1985)
Page 131 and 132:
Forgas, J , Levinger, G., & Moylan,
Page 133 and 134:
Kentle, R. L (1994) An examination
Page 135 and 136:
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1989
Page 137 and 138:
Rusbuh, C. E . Johnson, D J., & Mor
Page 139 and 140:
Wildman, B. G. (1986) Perception of
Page 141 and 142:
Subject We would like you to answer
Page 143 and 144:
IF YOU ARE NOT IN A ROMANTIC RELATI
Page 145 and 146:
STRONGLY STRONGLY DISAGREE AGREE 1
Page 147 and 148:
I AM POOR I .AM EXTREMELY .AT THIS
Page 149 and 150:
Please answer the following questio
Page 151 and 152:
Next, we are interested in how your
Page 153 and 154:
NOT AT ALL EXTREMELY 1 2 3 4 5 4 Co
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