THE FIVE FACTORS OF PERSONALITY AND INTERPERSONAL ...

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This idea was elaborated on by Lamke, Sollie, Durbin, and Fitzpatrick (1994) Subjects and a dafing partner completed the ICQ, as well as measures of their own sexrole orientation and relationship satisfaction Two domains fromthe ICQ (self-disclosure and emotional support) were summed to measure expressive competence Likewise, instrumental competence was assessed by summing the ICQ measures of initiation and negative assertion. Lamke et al. (1994) found that self-rated femininhy was poshively related to expressive competence and self-rated masculinhy was poshively related to instrumental competence. Expressive behaviors were associated whh greater satisfaction in dating relationships. In addition, instrumental competence increased relationship satisfaction by positively influencing expressive competence. It appears that competence in some domains may foster the development and use of competence in other domains According to Lamke et al. (1994), these resuhs point to the influence of individual differences on the development and maintenance of relationships. Specifically, the relationship between femininhy and satisfaction was mediated by interpersonal competence. In order to determine how empathy facilitates interpersonal competence, 264 student couples completed measures of empathy, personal distress, social behavior, and relationship satisfaction in a study conducted by Davis and Oathout (1987). Each subject also rated both self and partner frequencyof poshive (e.g., warmth) and negative (e.g., insenshivhy) interpersonal behaviors Resuhs indicated that empathy was poshively associated with self-reports of prosocial behaviors In contrast, personal distress was 66
negatively associated whh prosocial behaviors Self-reports and partner perceptions of behavior were similar. Perceptions of a partner as warm and possessing a positive outlook were predictive of relationship satisfaction. The researcher concluded that empathv appeared to influence relationship satisfaction by impacting behaviors Empathic individuals appear to engage in more prosocial behaviors and are perceived in a positive manner by their partner, which promotes satisfaction. Bolger and Zuckerman (1995) examined links between neuroticism and interpersonal conflict. Using a 14-day diary, subjects recorded all instances of interpersonal conflicts, coping strategies, and negative affect. Subjects high in neuroticism reported more interpersonal conflicts and more affective distress than subjects low in neuroticism. High neuroticism was also associated with self-control and confrontation in response to interpersonal conflict. These responses were related to greater anger the next day. These coping responses, along whh escape-avoidance, were also poshively related to negafive affect According to Bolger and Zuckerman (1995), subjects high in neuroticism experience more conflicts due to their chronic negative affect Hence, ineffective coping strategies and negative affect heighten interpersonal problems. Graziano, Jensen-Campbell, and Hair (1996) examined how agreeableness influences patterns of conflict resolution. In the first of a two-part study, subjects completed Goldberg's (1992) measure of the FFM and rated the effectiveness of resolution strategies for 10 conflict vignettes. The researchers only reported how 67
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THE FIVE FACTORS OF PERSONALITY AND
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My sincere thanks
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ABSTRACT This study utilized the co
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION According to
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particular interaction episode" (p
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proximal context, which in turn aff
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contextual model should examine the
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Hypotheses The following hypotheses
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CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW This c
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experience and interpersonal intera
Page 21 and 22: stability, and (e) culture McCrae a
Page 23 and 24: samples of aduhs and children They
Page 25 and 26: personality descriptors. In the sec
Page 27 and 28: the five factors were identified in
Page 29 and 30: When creating a new scale, it is ne
Page 31 and 32: item adjective list. McCrae and Cos
Page 33 and 34: was .72 and the largest divergent c
Page 35 and 36: Another study conducted by McCrae a
Page 37 and 38: as measured by the PRF, can be view
Page 39 and 40: Longitudinal studies provide insigh
Page 41 and 42: The major weakness of this line of
Page 43 and 44: interactions, men report higher inh
Page 45 and 46: more likely to avoid initiation int
Page 47 and 48: concluded that individuals high in
Page 49 and 50: type of self-disclosure was also as
Page 51 and 52: Emotional Support Emotional support
Page 53 and 54: likely to be desired if they have t
Page 55 and 56: self-esteem, self-confidence, inter
Page 57 and 58: colored by other information about
Page 59 and 60: confederates, but more negative soc
Page 61 and 62: esults cannot be generalized to opp
Page 63 and 64: Lloyd (1990) contacted the same cou
Page 65 and 66: poshively related to discussing and
Page 67 and 68: contrast, unstable couples were cha
Page 69 and 70: Personality and Interpersonal Compe
Page 71: partner's personaHty (e.g., extrave
Page 75 and 76: ated by peers on assertiveness and
Page 77 and 78: These results support the premise t
Page 79 and 80: maintenance O'Brien and DeLongis (1
Page 81 and 82: satisfaction, distal factors (persp
Page 83 and 84: marriage and then annually for thre
Page 85 and 86: study indicated that spouses' attri
Page 87 and 88: Other studies have acknowledged bot
Page 89 and 90: CHAPTER m METHOD Participants Parti
Page 91 and 92: (steady dating=61%, engaged=9%, coh
Page 93 and 94: Table 2. Distribution of scores for
Page 95 and 96: elationship The hems were summed to
Page 97 and 98: Beliefs Test (Eiedlson & Epstein, 1
Page 99 and 100: CHAPTER IV RESULTS Preliminarv Anal
Page 101 and 102: ^ CN -.16* m .19* .29** O ON O .19*
Page 103 and 104: Table 5 Regressions of proximal fac
Page 105 and 106: Table 6. Regression of liking on th
Page 107 and 108: Table 7 Regression of liking on the
Page 109 and 110: Table 8 Hierarchical regression of
Page 111 and 112: CHAPTER V DISCUSSION This study exa
Page 113 and 114: hierarchical level (Costa & McCrae,
Page 115 and 116: Finally, the measure of satisfactio
Page 117 and 118: "real" me, "I told my partner about
Page 119 and 120: For example, openness may be more c
Page 121 and 122: examined Neuroticism was negatively
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Future research should examine how
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developmental theory would help us
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Boyle, G. J (1989) Re-examination o
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Costa, P T , iS: McCrae, R R (1985)
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Forgas, J , Levinger, G., & Moylan,
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Kentle, R. L (1994) An examination
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McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1989
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Rusbuh, C. E . Johnson, D J., & Mor
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Wildman, B. G. (1986) Perception of
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Subject We would like you to answer
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IF YOU ARE NOT IN A ROMANTIC RELATI
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STRONGLY STRONGLY DISAGREE AGREE 1
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I AM POOR I .AM EXTREMELY .AT THIS
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Please answer the following questio
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Next, we are interested in how your
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NOT AT ALL EXTREMELY 1 2 3 4 5 4 Co
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