THE FIVE FACTORS OF PERSONALITY AND INTERPERSONAL ...

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efforts to create and maintain a gratifying relationship This affection for the partner may be independent of their utilization of prosocial behaviors Alternatively, the conscientiousness-liking relationship may be mediated by maintenance behaviors, but those particular behaviors were not assessed in this study. The other distal factors, agreeableness and neuroticism, did not demonstrate independent effects after controlling the proximal factors These factors accounted for relatively little variance in liking when entered independently Therefore, the effects may simply be too small to examine adequately whether mediation by the proximal factors does in fact exist. In sum, the resuhs of this study indicated that elements in the distal and proximal contexts were related to one another and to liking for the partner More importantly, the distal factor of conscientiousness was directly related to liking (rather than indirectly related, as was presumed). This suggests that there may be other additional elements at work in this relationship that were not tested, or perhaps the contextual model is in need to further refinement Clearly, further research is needed to elucidate the interactions between the contexts. Future Directions First, a more heterogeneous sample might provide information concerning how demographic characteristics influence the relations between personaHty, interpersonal competence, and relationship quality For example, past research has found that gender differences in interpersonal behaviors such as self-disclosure influence relationship quality (Sprecher, 1987). Such differences could not be examined in the present study 116
Future research should examine how these factors are associated in both men and women's relationships. Raciayethnic diversity would also increase the heterogenehy of the sample. Although there are some personaHty differences across cultures (Vang & Bond, 1990), few studies have examined how racial and ethnic differences in personality relate to the other domains Further study should examine how well the contextual model explains the contributions of distal and proximal factors to relationship quality across cultural groups. Second, age is another aspect of the sample that would benefit from more diverse representation. Perhaps older individuals employ a different set of interpersonal competence behaviors than younger persons Addhionally, these behaviors may be differentially valued across the lifespan of romantic relationship development Therefore, fijrtherstudies should examine these interpersonal dimensions across a broader range of relationships. Third, muhimethod studies would allow for a broader and perhaps more detailed perspective on personality traits and interpersonal competence behaviors. Data obtained from partners would provide a more complete perspective on the relationship dynamics between romantic partners. Other types of data collection may also increase our understanding of relationship functioning. For example, interviews would enable researchers to gather a more detailed description of how respondents perceive their personal traits or interpersonal behaviors influence relationship qualhy than can be obtained by a brief questionnaire. Likewise, observations of partner interactions would increase the information gained, as researcher could examine differences in outsider (raters) and insider (relationship partners) perspectives on the relational exchanges Further, daily or event-based assessment of interpersonal behaviors would provide the 117
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THE FIVE FACTORS OF PERSONALITY AND
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My sincere thanks
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ABSTRACT This study utilized the co
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION According to
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particular interaction episode" (p
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proximal context, which in turn aff
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contextual model should examine the
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Hypotheses The following hypotheses
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CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW This c
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experience and interpersonal intera
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stability, and (e) culture McCrae a
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samples of aduhs and children They
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personality descriptors. In the sec
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the five factors were identified in
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When creating a new scale, it is ne
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item adjective list. McCrae and Cos
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was .72 and the largest divergent c
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Another study conducted by McCrae a
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as measured by the PRF, can be view
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Longitudinal studies provide insigh
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The major weakness of this line of
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interactions, men report higher inh
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more likely to avoid initiation int
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concluded that individuals high in
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type of self-disclosure was also as
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Emotional Support Emotional support
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likely to be desired if they have t
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self-esteem, self-confidence, inter
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colored by other information about
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confederates, but more negative soc
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esults cannot be generalized to opp
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Lloyd (1990) contacted the same cou
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poshively related to discussing and
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contrast, unstable couples were cha
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Personality and Interpersonal Compe
Page 71 and 72: partner's personaHty (e.g., extrave
Page 73 and 74: negatively associated whh prosocial
Page 75 and 76: ated by peers on assertiveness and
Page 77 and 78: These results support the premise t
Page 79 and 80: maintenance O'Brien and DeLongis (1
Page 81 and 82: satisfaction, distal factors (persp
Page 83 and 84: marriage and then annually for thre
Page 85 and 86: study indicated that spouses' attri
Page 87 and 88: Other studies have acknowledged bot
Page 89 and 90: CHAPTER m METHOD Participants Parti
Page 91 and 92: (steady dating=61%, engaged=9%, coh
Page 93 and 94: Table 2. Distribution of scores for
Page 95 and 96: elationship The hems were summed to
Page 97 and 98: Beliefs Test (Eiedlson & Epstein, 1
Page 99 and 100: CHAPTER IV RESULTS Preliminarv Anal
Page 101 and 102: ^ CN -.16* m .19* .29** O ON O .19*
Page 103 and 104: Table 5 Regressions of proximal fac
Page 105 and 106: Table 6. Regression of liking on th
Page 107 and 108: Table 7 Regression of liking on the
Page 109 and 110: Table 8 Hierarchical regression of
Page 111 and 112: CHAPTER V DISCUSSION This study exa
Page 113 and 114: hierarchical level (Costa & McCrae,
Page 115 and 116: Finally, the measure of satisfactio
Page 117 and 118: "real" me, "I told my partner about
Page 119 and 120: For example, openness may be more c
Page 121: examined Neuroticism was negatively
Page 125 and 126: developmental theory would help us
Page 127 and 128: Boyle, G. J (1989) Re-examination o
Page 129 and 130: Costa, P T , iS: McCrae, R R (1985)
Page 131 and 132: Forgas, J , Levinger, G., & Moylan,
Page 133 and 134: Kentle, R. L (1994) An examination
Page 135 and 136: McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1989
Page 137 and 138: Rusbuh, C. E . Johnson, D J., & Mor
Page 139 and 140: Wildman, B. G. (1986) Perception of
Page 141 and 142: Subject We would like you to answer
Page 143 and 144: IF YOU ARE NOT IN A ROMANTIC RELATI
Page 145 and 146: STRONGLY STRONGLY DISAGREE AGREE 1
Page 147 and 148: I AM POOR I .AM EXTREMELY .AT THIS
Page 149 and 150: Please answer the following questio
Page 151 and 152: Next, we are interested in how your
Page 153 and 154: NOT AT ALL EXTREMELY 1 2 3 4 5 4 Co
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