THE FIVE FACTORS OF PERSONALITY AND INTERPERSONAL ...

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questionnaires that were designed outside of the five factor tradition would reveal similarities to the FFM. The Australian sample provided self-reports comparable to those previously obtained in the United States. In factor analysis, the five robust factors of personality were again identified as the best fit for the resuhs. The five factors were evident as major dimensions of personality traits in the Australian culture In a follow-up study Boyle (1989) reanalyzed the Noller et al. (1987) data set using an oblique factor rotation method rather than the orthogonal method utilized by Noller et al (1987). According to Hair, Anderson, and Tatham (1987), oblique factor solutions are assumed to be more realistic than orthogonal factor solutions because the latter assumes that the variables are uncorrelated with one another. In contrast, oblique rotation methods assume that most variables are correlated The analyses were run twice, once with 33 scales and then with 25 of the original scales. In both oblique analyses, the five factors emerged as the best fit. The five personality dimensions were again evident in the Austrahan culture based on measures designed outside of the five factor tradition Cross-cultural generalizability was also investigated by Church and Katigbak (1989) in a three part study. In prior studies, 461 Filipino college students had generated personality descriptors in both English and Tagalog, the native dialect. For the first study, these descriptors were then compared to an existing classification of English trait terms developed in the United States (i.e., Peabody, 1987) Resuhs indicated that the Enghsh and Tagalog personality descriptors are similar to Peabody's (1987) personality descriptors. Further, all five factors were represented in the Filipino college students' 18
personality descriptors. In the second study, peer nominations were then obtained for the personality characteristics identified in the first study. Although there was less differentiation among the five factors in peer ratings, the resuhs were somewhat consistent with self-ratings. The resuhs of this study highlight the importance of examining internal (self) and external (other) perceptions of personality Church and Katigbak (1989) next elicited Philippine self-reports of behavior incidents. The use of reported incidents of actual behavior would determine if the five factors of personality could be identified in non-Western behavior First, 466 subjects related incidents in which they observed good or poor psychological functioning in themselves or others. The incidents were then sorted into categories based on content and the personality characteristics associated with the incident. Next, 692 students completed self-report measures of the categories. When factor analyzed, four factors were represented in the Philippine personality dimensions A distinct Agreeableness factor was not evident, but was part of the Extroversion factor Church and Katigbak (1989) asserted that ahhough there are unique concepts in each of these languages, the five factors adequately represent the personality domains in the non-Western culture of the Philippines. Narayanan, Menon, and Levine (1995) examined the personality characteristics of Indian students in a two part study. In the first study, subjects (many of whom were bilingual) initially generated desirable and undesirable personality descriptors which included both English and Hindi words The Hindi words were then translated into 19
Page 1 and 2: THE FIVE FACTORS OF PERSONALITY AND
Page 3 and 4: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My sincere thanks
Page 5 and 6: ABSTRACT This study utilized the co
Page 7 and 8: CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION According to
Page 9 and 10: particular interaction episode" (p
Page 11 and 12: proximal context, which in turn aff
Page 13 and 14: contextual model should examine the
Page 15 and 16: Hypotheses The following hypotheses
Page 17 and 18: CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW This c
Page 19 and 20: experience and interpersonal intera
Page 21 and 22: stability, and (e) culture McCrae a
Page 23: samples of aduhs and children They
Page 27 and 28: the five factors were identified in
Page 29 and 30: When creating a new scale, it is ne
Page 31 and 32: item adjective list. McCrae and Cos
Page 33 and 34: was .72 and the largest divergent c
Page 35 and 36: Another study conducted by McCrae a
Page 37 and 38: as measured by the PRF, can be view
Page 39 and 40: Longitudinal studies provide insigh
Page 41 and 42: The major weakness of this line of
Page 43 and 44: interactions, men report higher inh
Page 45 and 46: more likely to avoid initiation int
Page 47 and 48: concluded that individuals high in
Page 49 and 50: type of self-disclosure was also as
Page 51 and 52: Emotional Support Emotional support
Page 53 and 54: likely to be desired if they have t
Page 55 and 56: self-esteem, self-confidence, inter
Page 57 and 58: colored by other information about
Page 59 and 60: confederates, but more negative soc
Page 61 and 62: esults cannot be generalized to opp
Page 63 and 64: Lloyd (1990) contacted the same cou
Page 65 and 66: poshively related to discussing and
Page 67 and 68: contrast, unstable couples were cha
Page 69 and 70: Personality and Interpersonal Compe
Page 71 and 72: partner's personaHty (e.g., extrave
Page 73 and 74: negatively associated whh prosocial
Page 75 and 76:
ated by peers on assertiveness and
Page 77 and 78:
These results support the premise t
Page 79 and 80:
maintenance O'Brien and DeLongis (1
Page 81 and 82:
satisfaction, distal factors (persp
Page 83 and 84:
marriage and then annually for thre
Page 85 and 86:
study indicated that spouses' attri
Page 87 and 88:
Other studies have acknowledged bot
Page 89 and 90:
CHAPTER m METHOD Participants Parti
Page 91 and 92:
(steady dating=61%, engaged=9%, coh
Page 93 and 94:
Table 2. Distribution of scores for
Page 95 and 96:
elationship The hems were summed to
Page 97 and 98:
Beliefs Test (Eiedlson & Epstein, 1
Page 99 and 100:
CHAPTER IV RESULTS Preliminarv Anal
Page 101 and 102:
^ CN -.16* m .19* .29** O ON O .19*
Page 103 and 104:
Table 5 Regressions of proximal fac
Page 105 and 106:
Table 6. Regression of liking on th
Page 107 and 108:
Table 7 Regression of liking on the
Page 109 and 110:
Table 8 Hierarchical regression of
Page 111 and 112:
CHAPTER V DISCUSSION This study exa
Page 113 and 114:
hierarchical level (Costa & McCrae,
Page 115 and 116:
Finally, the measure of satisfactio
Page 117 and 118:
"real" me, "I told my partner about
Page 119 and 120:
For example, openness may be more c
Page 121 and 122:
examined Neuroticism was negatively
Page 123 and 124:
Future research should examine how
Page 125 and 126:
developmental theory would help us
Page 127 and 128:
Boyle, G. J (1989) Re-examination o
Page 129 and 130:
Costa, P T , iS: McCrae, R R (1985)
Page 131 and 132:
Forgas, J , Levinger, G., & Moylan,
Page 133 and 134:
Kentle, R. L (1994) An examination
Page 135 and 136:
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1989
Page 137 and 138:
Rusbuh, C. E . Johnson, D J., & Mor
Page 139 and 140:
Wildman, B. G. (1986) Perception of
Page 141 and 142:
Subject We would like you to answer
Page 143 and 144:
IF YOU ARE NOT IN A ROMANTIC RELATI
Page 145 and 146:
STRONGLY STRONGLY DISAGREE AGREE 1
Page 147 and 148:
I AM POOR I .AM EXTREMELY .AT THIS
Page 149 and 150:
Please answer the following questio
Page 151 and 152:
Next, we are interested in how your
Page 153 and 154:
NOT AT ALL EXTREMELY 1 2 3 4 5 4 Co
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