Proceedings of the Seventh Mountain Lion Workshop

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70 WYOMING MOUNTAIN LION STATUS REPORT · Becker et al. RESEARCH AND PUBLICATIONS ANDERSON, C.R., JR., AND F.G. LINDZEY. 2003. Estimating cougar predation rates from GPS location clusters. Journal of Wildlife Management 67(2): 307-316. ANDERSON, C.R., JR., F.G. LINDZEY, AND N.P. NIBBELINK. In review. Estimating cougar abundance using probability sampling: an evaluation of transect versus block design. Journal of Wildlife Management 00(0): 000-000. ANDERSON, C.R., JR., AND F.G. LINDZEY. In press. Monitoring changes in cougar sex/age structure with changes in abundance as an index to population trend. ANDERSON, C.R., JR., F.G. LINDZEY, AND D.B. MCDONALD. In press. Genetic structure of cougar populations across the Wyoming Basin: metapopulation or megapopulation. ANDERSON, C.R., JR., AND F.G. LINDZEY. 2000. A guide to estimating mountain lion age classes. Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Laramie, Wyoming. GASSON, W., AND D. MOODY. 1995. Attitudes of Wyoming residents on mountain lion management. Planning PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH MOUNTAIN LION WORKSHOP rep. #40, Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Cheyenne. 7 pp. WYOMING GAME AND FISH DEPARTMENT. 1997. Mountain Lion Management Plan. Wyoming Game and Fish Department. 30 pp. WYOMING GAME AND FISH DEPARTMENT. 1999. Protocol for managing aggressive wildlife/human interactions. Wyoming Game and Fish Department. 17 pp. WYOMING GAME AND FISH DEPARTMENT. 2003. Annual mountain lion mortality summary: harvest year 2002. Trophy Game Section, Lander, Wyoming. 22 pp. LITERATURE CITED GASSON W. AND D. MOODY. 1995. Attitudes of Wyoming residents on mountain lion management. Planning rep. #40, Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Cheyenne, 7 pp. LOGAN, K.A. AND L.L. IRWIN. 1985. Mountain lion habitats in the Bighorn Mountains, Wyoming. Wildlife Society Bulletin 13: 257-262. WYOMING GAME AND FISH DEPARTMENT. 1997. Mountain Lion Management Plan. Wyoming Game and Fish Department. 30 pp.
CRYPTIC COUGARS - PERSPECTIVES ON THE PUMA IN THE EASTERN, MIDWESTERN, AND GREAT PLAINS REGIONS OF NORTH AMERICA JAY W. TISCHENDORF DVM, Director, American Ecological Research Institute (AERIE), Post Office Box 1826, Great Falls, MT 59403, USA, email: TischendorfJ@Hotmail.com Abstract: The subject of cougars in eastern North America continues to intrigue and perplex wildlife biologists, managers, and nature enthusiasts. Almost uniformly considered extirpated throughout states and provinces in eastern and midwestern North America over a century ago, growing numbers of reports, some accompanied by incontrovertible evidence such as full specimens, blood, scat, track, or film documentation, suggest that Puma concolor is re-establishing, or has re-established, itself in some areas of this vast region. Similar evidence exists for the Great Plains. This paper, while probably raising more questions than it answers, examines the best and most current evidence for the occurrence of cougars in the East, Midwest, and Great Plains; discusses the official status of the species; and provides a perspective on the scientific, social, and political opportunities and challenges posed by this fascinating and compelling situation. 71 Proceedings of the Seventh Mountain Lion Workshop Key words: cougar, recovery, East, Midwest, Great Plains, prairie, North America, Puma concolor INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The possible existence of the puma (Puma concolor) in eastern and midwestern North America today, approximately 100 years since its supposed extirpation from the region, is among the most provocative and exciting mysteries in the modern realms of natural history, ecology, wildlife management, and conservation biology. Importantly, the story of the cougar in the East, the ghost of North America, as it was dubbed by Bruce Wright, an early champion for its recovery, has far-reaching, global implications for carnivore conservation, continental ecological equilibrium, and perhaps most of all, our own fulfillment as stewards of the planet (Wright 1959). To understand this yet unfolding story, several fundamental concepts need review: 1. Throughout North America from the Great Plains eastward, with the exception of Florida, the puma was generally considered extirpated by the early 1900s (Young and Goldman 1946). 2. Since that time, in virtually every state and every province across this vast region, scores of people, including professional scientists, biologists, naturalists, and foresters, have been reporting observations of cougars or their sign (Wright 1972, Tischendorf and Henderson 1994). 3. While many of these reports are unverifiable or erroneous, a surprising number have been confirmed, often with the details published in peerreviewed literature. This history of confirmed reports since the time of supposed extirpation suggests, at a minimum, the periodic presence of freeranging cougars in the region. 4. Several plausible explanations exist for these cryptic cats: 1) continued existence of native pumas; 2) immigration of western cats; 3) presence of feral escaped or released captives (FERCs); or 4) combinations of any or all of these (Nowak 1976, Downing 1984).
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH MOUNTAIN
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface..........
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COUGAR PREDATION ON PREY IN YELLOWS
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PREFACE vii PREFACE The Wyoming Gam
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ix IN MEMORY
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2 STATUS OF MOUNTAIN LION POPULATIO
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4 STATUS OF MOUNTAIN LION POPULATIO
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CALIFORNIA MOUNTAIN LION STATUS REP
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8 CALIFORNIA MOUNTAIN LION STATUS R
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10 CALIFORNIA MOUNTAIN LION STATUS
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12 CALIFORNIA MOUNTAIN LION STATUS
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COLORADO MOUNTAIN LION STATUS REPOR
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16 COLORADO MOUNTAIN LION STATUS RE
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FLORIDA FISH AND WILDLIFE CONSERVAT
Page 30 and 31: 20 FLORIDA STATUS REPORT · Lotz an
Page 36 and 37: 26 IDAHO MOUNTAIN LION STATUS REPOR
Page 38 and 39: 28 IDAHO MOUNTAIN LION STATUS REPOR
Page 40 and 41: 30 MONTANA MOUNTAIN LION STATUS REP
Page 42 and 43: 32 NEVADA MOUNTAIN LION STATUS REPO
Page 50 and 51: 40 NEW MEXICO MOUNTAIN LION STATUS
Page 52 and 53: 42 NEW MEXICO MOUNTAIN LION STATUS
Page 54 and 55: 44 SOUTH DAKOTA MOUNTAIN LION STATU
Page 60 and 61: 50 TEXAS MOUNTAIN LION STATUS REPOR
Page 62 and 63: 52 UTAH MOUNTAIN LION STATUS REPORT
Page 64 and 65: PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH MOUNTAIN
Page 70 and 71: WASHINGTON COUGAR STATUS REPORT RIC
Page 72 and 73: 62 WASHINGTON COUGAR STATUS REPORT
Page 74 and 75: WYOMING MOUNTAIN LION STATUS REPORT
Page 76 and 77: 66 WYOMING MOUNTAIN LION STATUS REP
Page 78 and 79: 68 WYOMING MOUNTAIN LION STATUS REP
Page 82 and 83: 72 CRYPTIC COUGARS · Tischendorf F
Page 84 and 85: 74 CRYPTIC COUGARS · Tischendorf C
Page 86 and 87: 76 CRYPTIC COUGARS · Tischendorf A
Page 88 and 89: 78 CRYPTIC COUGARS · Tischendorf f
Page 90 and 91: 80 CRYPTIC COUGARS · Tischendorf b
Page 92 and 93: 82 CRYPTIC COUGARS · Tischendorf N
Page 94 and 95: 84 CRYPTIC COUGARS · Tischendorf C
Page 96 and 97: 86 CRYPTIC COUGARS · Tischendorf m
Page 98 and 99: 88 IMPROVING OUR UNDERSTANDING OF M
Page 100 and 101: 90 REDUCING PUMA ATTACKS · Fitzhug
Page 110 and 111: 100 REDUCING PUMA ATTACKS · Fitzhu
Page 112 and 113: 102 REDUCING PUMA ATTACKS · Fitzhu
Page 114 and 115: 104 A CONCEPTUAL MODEL AND APPRAISA
Page 116 and 117: 106 MOUNTAIN LION MOVEMENTS AND PER
Page 118 and 119: 108 PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF FLORIDA
Page 120 and 121: 110 ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE AND EVO
Page 122 and 123: 112 MOUNTAIN LION BED, CACHE AND KI
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120 EFFECT OF ROADS ON HABITAT USE
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122 COUGAR ECOLOGY AND COUGAR-WOLF
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124 ARE PUMAS OPPORTUNISTIC SCAVENG
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126 COUGAR PREDATION ON PREY IN YEL
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128 COUGAR TOTAL PREDATION RESPONSE
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130 CHARACTERISTICS OF COUGAR HARVE
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136 DEFINING AND DELINEATING DE FAC
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138 MANAGEMENT OF COUGARS (PUMA CON
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140 PROJECT CAT (COUGARS AND TEACHI
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142 ESTIMATING COUGAR ABUNDANCE USI
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144 PRESENCE AND MOVEMENTS OF LACTA
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146 RECONCILING SCIENCE AND POLITIC
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148 PUMA MANAGEMENT IN WESTERN NORT
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150 MOUNTAIN LIONS AND BIGHORN SHEE
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152 DISPERSAL IN MALE PUMAS · Laun
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162 ASSESSING GPS RADIOTELEMETRY RE
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164 FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE OF COUGARS
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166 DEPREDATION TRENDS IN CALIFORNI
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168 PUMA ACTIVITY AND MOVEMENTS IN
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170 MOUNTAIN LION SURVEY TECHNIQUES
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172 CRITICAL COUGAR CROSSING AND BA
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174 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS Chris Beld
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176 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS Steve Fitz
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178 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS Mollie Hog
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180 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS Cheryl Le
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182 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS Ryan Nelso
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184 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS Harley Sha
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186 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS Patricia W
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Proceedings of the Seventh Mountain Lion Workshop

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