The Journal of the Siam Society Vol. LXXXVI, Part 1-2 ... - Khamkoo

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The ethnoarchaeology of Southeast Asian coastal sites The entire site of Sapam is a shell mound with a pattern of household and activity area deposition on top. The mound cannot be swept, therefore debris is buried by yet more shell. Non-organic house debris gets washed about by the tides and augmented by further droppings from the stilted houses in the intertidal. At Sapam there are no clear spatial distinctions between deposits and no distinctions on the basis of content. The example of Sapam is of a community at the end of the evolutionary cycle. It shows that when a site is limited in size, the shell mounds will in time grow to occupy all available space. Discrete mounds, middens, peripheral and tidal deposits all combine in a single process and primary and secondary distinctions are blurred. A site in this condition can be said to have reached a state of environmental overload, its carrying capacity exceeded and population out-migration to other suitable sites is the next inevitable step in the cycle. In fact, as we studied Sapam, the population was in the process of moving to a new site across the river, referred to as Sapam South. Rawai (Figure 14) Rawai is a beach site with lagoon behind; a sand spur extends back across the lagoon to another beach. The edges of the village are scrub, with a road to the west. The primary economic activity is fishing. At Rawai the pattern of deposition along the front of the site is atypical because the land is owned by non-Chaw Lay and access is limited. However, at the rear of the site a large but not continuous deposit runs along the edge of the low area. The midden is approximately 10m long and 7 .5m wide and 2.5m deep. The contents are mixed: shell, wood and food debris, vegetable matter, fabric, plastic, metal fragments, paper, baskets and glass. The material is caught in the vegetation bordering the edge of the mangrove. 90 percent of the material is a homogenous mix of tossed material, the remaining 10 percent being segregated dumps of material such as baskets of coconut husks, log piles and piles of shell. Five large mixed middens are found towards the front of the site, on the village side of the road, and up against non-Chaw Lay structures. The contents are the same as the rear middens. It appears that the edge of the non-Chaw Lay areas is seen as equivalent to the periphery of the site in terms of the activities that take place there. Small mixed depositions are found around some trees. There are no shell mounds found at Rawai. Laem La (Figure15) Laem La is a beach site facing on to the mudflats to the east and the open Phuket Channel to the north. The primary subsistence activity is fishing, with limited shellfish exploitation. There is a single large midden at the rear of the site, backing on to the wall of a non-Chaw Lay structure. The midden measures 9m x 7m and is 1.5m deep. It is composed of 30 percent shell, 20 percent debris from sweeping, 20 percent coconut husks and mixed deposition. The midden is contained by the fence, paths and sweeping action. Small shell mounds are found around many trees; there are numerous small shell deposits rather than a few larger ones. Because of the lack of peripheral space available for use as activity areas, 'floating periphery' is created by the flattening of and then sweeping over of old shell deposits, and thus creating new surfaces. Post-depositional modifications Middens and mounds are subject to a variety of forces that result in modification and alterations of the deposits and effect greatly the archaeolological survival of their contents. In a Chaw Lay context these forces include: • Activities taking place on the midden or mound surface which create additional debris, such as smoking fires, toilets, drying racks, storage and fish processing. • Animal scavenging and burrowing resulting in the sorting and rearranging of material. • Traffic along the edges of deposits which wears down the edges and crushes material. • The re-cycling of objects with re-use potential that are stored on the midden, such as boards, poles, baskets and stones. • The addition of material by walk-by tosses. • The repeated burning of collected debris and activity area sweepings on the midden surface. Journal of the Siam Society, Vol. 86, Parts I & 2 149
Richard A. Engelhardt and Pamela Rumball Rogers RAW AI LAGOON @OPEN SPACE D THAI AREA .:tf=_MEDIUM DENSITY , DEPOSITION tl m SPARSE STRUCTURES DENSE STRUCTURES Figure 14 Schematic map of Rawai, illustrating the spatial patterning of structures, depositions, open activity areas and paths. 150 Journal of the Siam Society, Vol. 86, Parts 1 & 2
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The Journal of the Siam Society
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The Journal of the Siam Society Vol
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EDITORIAL This volume brings to a c
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Andrew Turton called an 'interloper
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Andrew Turton Richardson had made m
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Andrew Turton or trade missions. Th
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Andrew Turton even to Madras. He wa
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Andrew Turton crowded room, he writ
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Andrew Turton histories, religions,
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THE ORIGIN OF THE SEK: IMPLICATIONS
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The origin of the Sek: implications
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) The origin of the Sek: implicatio
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LUE ETHNICITY IN NATIONAL CONTEXT:
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Lue ethnicity in national context c
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Lue ethnicity in national context p
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Lue ethnicity in national context c
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Lue ethnicity in national context d
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Lue ethnicity in national context N
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Pierre Le Roux 0 100 200 300 Kilome
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Pierre Le Roux invincible, une tour
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Pierre Le Roux du bateau, et laya t
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Pierre Le Raux Figure 7 Portage a d
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Pierre Le Roux peut plus vivre dans
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Pierre LeRoux la route, il existe e
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Pierre Le Roux realisee de la point
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Pierre Le Roux COUP£ LONGITUOINALE
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Pierre Le Raux Figure 15 Toiture d'
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Pierre LeRoux Notes I Les donnees p
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Pierre Le Roux jours initiaux se tr
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Pierre Le Roux Fardon (Ed.): Procee
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LA FORMATION DES RESEAUX D'ECHANGES
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La formation des reseaux d 'echange
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La formation des reseaux d'echanges
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La formation des reseaux d'echanges
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La formation des reseaux d'eclwnges
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Page 117 and 118: Michael Smithies Siam, which the Fr
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Page 162 and 163: RECENT MANI SETTLEMENTS IN SATUN PR
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Recent Mani settlements in Satun Pr
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Bernard K. Ma loney - I I ' \ I - '
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Bernard K. Maloney As at Hoabinhian
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Bernard K. Maloney more than 4,000
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Bernard K. Maloney been rising rapi
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Bernard K. Maloney pollen reappeare
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Bernard K. Maloney may have been co
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THAI LITERATURE AS REFLECTED IN WES
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Thai literature as reflected in Wes
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ROUND-NUMBER RECKONING IN THAI FOR
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Round-number reckoning in Thai for
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Round-number reckoning in Thai for
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A Trang cave text of 1614 AD Figure
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THE WORK OF GEORGE C
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The work of George Credes: views of
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COMMENTS ON CHRISTIAN BAUER'S 'THE
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REVIEWS Thailand's Boom and Bust Pa
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Reviews in recent years like Bantea
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Reviews But the book under review i
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Reviews evidence reveals a diversit
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OBITUARY ACHILLE CLARAC Older Thais
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Notes for contributors to the Journ
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BACK ISSUES I &2 =two parts publi s
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OLD PHUKET. Introduction by H.E. Ge
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ERRATA FORJSS 85,1997 Two engraved
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The Journal of the Siam Society Vol. LXXXVI, Part 1-2 ... - Khamkoo

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