The Journal of the Siam Society Vol. LXXXVI, Part 1-2 ... - Khamkoo

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Diplomatic missions to Tai states by David Richardson and W. C. McLeod 1830-1839 punishments, cannibalism, extreme forms of sexual practice and so on. Such themes are not entirely absent from late twentieth century eurocentric attitudes and reports on the East Asian region. There is some interesting recent secondary literature on suchlike in India and Indonesia (including Crawfurd's writing on the latter), but no reference from this to the Tai world, until my recent article. This is to some extent explainable in terms of the relative lateness of European 'interest' in this region and the mainly 'non-colonial' form this took. 7 Apart from the fact that no other Europeans are mentioned, when their watches stop-an occurrence mentioned more than once-there is no-one else who has a watch apparently. While the non-European members of the caravans might have carried a watch or clock (though most probably did not in this period), it is hard to imagine a European officer at this time without one. 8 Readings inform me that a well disciplined army unit might march 30 miles per day (48 km) over a week or so. This was achieved by King Harald's houscarls (elite bodyguard) marching south to meet the Norman invaders in England in 1066. The armies of Alexander the Great apparently could cover 30 km (18 miles) in a day. 9 Please see Turton (1997) which outlines this project in greater detail. I have inevitably been obliged to refer to and quote from this publication at several points in the present article. 10 As Georges Condominas (1965) puts it in the title of his superb autobiographical Vietnamese ethnography L 'exotique est quotidien. 11 Of course even these apparently unproblematic descriptive parts of the accounts need to be subjected in turn to critical scrutiny for presuppositions, assumptions, prejudice, and so on. 12 I invite the reader to attempt to translate this back into a vernacular Kham Muang of today. I have certainly heard myself statements of the following kind (with apologies for any inaccuracies and variation in northern pronunciation! acan hyyi, nyaang [Karen] nia bo mii sin bo mii tham, bo mii wat mii wa, bo huu buun bo huu baap, thoeng bo huu phasaa sasana anyang sak nyang hia thoe'. 13 Some of the things that Farang found unacceptable in Bangkok-such as the phrarachathan hai bia liang ['the royal gift of subsistence allowance'], for what some called dismissively 'bazaar expenses' and inadequate at that-were identical to Chinese practice. As were other customs, such as providing tea, sugar, and fresh fruit-and for the Americans even milkwhich were appreciated. 14 Perhaps this is the earliest hiep siang in the north! This is the old Kham Muang word for gramophone or record player, literally 'sound box'. 15 I am tempted to recall that Macartney took five German musicians with him on his first mission to Beijing in 1793, as part of a nearly 100 strong mission. 16 Perhaps it was so pheun muang, a still popular form of folk opera in northern Thailand. Thai music has many admixtures from other places, and the envoys duly heard the music of various exile groups. Among these the Lao music heard at Bangkok, especially the khaen [bamboo 'reed organ', sometimes said to have inspired the European mouth organ] seems to have been the favourite. Western music naturally became a part of this hybrid musical milieu, and by 1840 Mozart could be heard on a mechanical player at royal audiences in Bangkok, just as the Thai ambassadors heard Mozart played live at Windsor Castle a few years later. 17 Historians have been somewhat too ready to obscure by generalising, for example concluding that Crawfurd was 'hostile' and 'intolerant' etc. towards 'the Thai'. This is not entirely inaccurate, and seems to correspond with Thai perceptions. But another reading, patient to judge the overall success or achievement of the mission as a whole-or at least in a more comprehensive perspective-would take greater note of the sometimes subtle and perceptive distinctions made by Crawfurd and others in his team (e.g. Finlayson, 1826) between the King and his ministers, between various ministers, between Siamese and Chinese, Mon etc., between nobles and ordinary people, between monks and others and so on. References Anderson, J. 1890. English intercourse with Siam in the seventeenth-century. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trtibner. Asad, Tala! 1991. Afterword: from the history of colonial anthropology to the anthropology of western hegemony. In George W. Stocking, Jr. (ed.) Colonial situations: essays on the contextualization of ethnographic knowledge (History of Anthropology 7), Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. Boon, J. A. 1982. Other tribes, other scribes: symbolic anthropology in the comparative study of cultures, Journal of the Siam Society, Vol. 86, Parts 1 & 2 23
Andrew Turton histories, religions, and texts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Boon, J. A. 1991. Affinities and extremes: crisscrossing the bittersweet ethnology of East Indies history, Hindu-Balinese culture, and Indo European allure. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Bowring, Sir John. 1857 The kingdom and people of Siam, with a narrative of the mission to that country in 1855. London: John W. Parker and Son, 2 vols. Brailey, N. J. 1968. The origins of the Siamese forward movement in Western Laos, 1855-1892. PhD dissertation, University of London. Burney, H. 1910-1914. The Burney Papers. Bangkok: Vajiraiiana National Library, 5 vols. Choisy, Abbe de. 1993. Journal of a voyage to Siam 1685-1686. [Journal du voyage de Siam.] Translated and introduced Michael Smithies. Bangkok: White Lotus. Condominas, G. 1965. L'exotique est quotidien: Sar Luk, Viet-nam central. Paris: Pion. Cranmer-Byng, J. L. (ed.) 1963.An embassy to China: being the journal kept by Lord Macartney during his embassy to the Emperor Ch'ien Lung, 1793- 94. London: Longmans, Green and Co. Crawfurd, J. 1915. The Crawfurd Papers: a collection of official records relating to the mission of Dr John Crawfurd sent to Siam by the Government of India in the year 1821. Bangkok: Vajiraiiana National Library. [reprinted 1971 London: Gregg International.] Crawfurd, J. 1967. [1828] Journal of an embassy to the courts of Siam and Cochin China. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press. (Oxford in Asia Historical Reprints.) [First published 1828 London: H. Colburn.] Edwardes, M. 1972. Ralph Fitch: Elizabethan in the Indies. London: Faber and Faber. Finlayson, G. 1826. The mission to Siam, and Hue the capital ofCochin China in the years 1821-2, with a memoir of the author by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles FRS. London: John Murray. Hall, D. G. E. 1928. Early English intercourse with Burma. London: Longmans. Hevia, J. L. 1995. Cherishing men from afar: Qing guest ritual and the Macartney embassy of 1793. Durham, North Carolina, and London: Duke University Press. Hutchinson, E. W. 1940. Adventurers in Siam in the seventeenth century. London: Royal Asiatic Society (RAS Prize Publication 18). Langham-Carter, R.R. 1966. David Lester [sic] Richardson--diplomat and explorer. Journal of the Burma Research Society, 49 (2): 207-18. McLeod, W.C. 1869. Captain McLeod's Journal. In East India (McLeod and Richardson's Journeys). Copy of papers relating to the route of Captain W.C. McLeod from Moulmein to the frontiers of China, and to the route of Dr Richardson on his fourth mission to the Shan Provinces of Burmah, or Extracts from the same. In India Papers 1864- 1871. London, India Office, Political Dept., 13- 104 (see also ibid. map and introductory matter 1-13). Marshall, P. J. and Williams, G. 1982. The great map of mankind: British perceptions of the world in the Age of Enlightenment. London: J.M. Dent. Pieris, P. E. 1903. An account of King Kirti Sri's embassy to Siam in 1672 saka (1750 A.D.). Journal of the Ceylon Branch of the Ro7alAsiatic Society 18 (54): 17-47. Pires, Tome. 1944. The Suma Oriental ofTome Pires: an account of the East from the Red Sea to Japan, written in Malacca and India in 1512-1515. Translated and edited by Armando Cortesiio. London: Hakluyt Society. (Works issued by the Hakluyt Society, Second Series 90.) Reid, A. 1993. Southeast Asia in the Age of Commerce, 1450-1680. vol. 2, Expansion and crisis. New Haven: Yale University Press. Richardson, D. 1836. An account of some of the Petty States lying to the north of the Tenasserim Provinces, drawn up from the Journals and Reports of D. Richardson Esq., Surgeon to the Commissioner of the Tenasserim Provinces, compiled by E. A. Blundell, Commissioner. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 5 (58) October 1836: 601-25; (5Q) November 1836, 688-96; (59) 696-707. Richardson, D. 1837. The History of Labong [Lamphun] from the Native Records consulted by Dr. D. Richardson, forming an Appendix to his journals published in the preceding volume. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 6 (61): 55-7. Richardson, D. 1839-40. Journal of a Mission from the Supreme Government oflndia to the Court of Siam. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 8 (96) December 1839: 1016-36; 9 (97), 1-3; 9 (99), 219-50. Richardson, D. (trs.) 1847. The dhamathat or the laws of Menoo. Mou1mein. 24 Journal of the Siam Society, Vol. 86, Parts 1 & 2
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Page 9 and 10: EDITORIAL This volume brings to a c
Page 11 and 12: Andrew Turton called an 'interloper
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Page 15 and 16: Andrew Turton or trade missions. Th
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Page 28 and 29: THE ORIGIN OF THE SEK: IMPLICATIONS
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Pierre LeRoux la route, il existe e
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Pierre Le Roux realisee de la point
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Pierre Le Roux COUP£ LONGITUOINALE
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Pierre Le Raux Figure 15 Toiture d'
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Pierre LeRoux Notes I Les donnees p
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Pierre Le Roux jours initiaux se tr
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Pierre Le Roux Fardon (Ed.): Procee
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LA FORMATION DES RESEAUX D'ECHANGES
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La formation des reseaux d 'echange
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La formation des reseaux d'echanges
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La formation des reseaux d'eclwnges
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Michael Smithies of the former tran
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Michael Smithies Innocent XI. The e
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Michael Smithies arrived at night,
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Michael Smithies for himself and hi
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Michael Smithies Siam, which the Fr
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Michael Smithies Bibliotheque Natio
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John Villiers either have nothing a
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John Villiers the people of Chaumua
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John Villiers states on the coast o
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John Villiers with the Siamese emba
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John Villiers set of rules (bula) w
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John Villiers Santos, Fr J. dos 160
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Richard A. Engelhardt and Pamela Ru
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RECENT MANI SETTLEMENTS IN SATUN PR
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Recent Mani settlements in Satun Pr
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Bernard K. Ma loney - I I ' \ I - '
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Bernard K. Maloney As at Hoabinhian
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Bernard K. Maloney more than 4,000
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Bernard K. Maloney been rising rapi
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Bernard K. Maloney pollen reappeare
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Bernard K. Maloney may have been co
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THAI LITERATURE AS REFLECTED IN WES
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Thai literature as reflected in Wes
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ROUND-NUMBER RECKONING IN THAI FOR
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Round-number reckoning in Thai for
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Round-number reckoning in Thai for
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A Trang cave text of 1614 AD Figure
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THE WORK OF GEORGE C
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The work of George Credes: views of
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COMMENTS ON CHRISTIAN BAUER'S 'THE
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REVIEWS Thailand's Boom and Bust Pa
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Reviews in recent years like Bantea
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Reviews But the book under review i
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Reviews evidence reveals a diversit
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OBITUARY ACHILLE CLARAC Older Thais
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Notes for contributors to the Journ
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BACK ISSUES I &2 =two parts publi s
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OLD PHUKET. Introduction by H.E. Ge
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ERRATA FORJSS 85,1997 Two engraved
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