intermodal solutions for transalpine freight traffic - Alpine Space ...

Freight vehicles according “euro classes”
In this paragraph, the sharing of truck fleet running on the alpine road network is shown, according
to the Euro classes framework.
It deals to a very basic benchmark to the function of Corinair – Copert 4 – step 5 algoritm, that
is a basic input parameter to the functions of the emission modelling tool.
energy and electricity mix for railways
This paragraph explains the energetic mix. It represents a fundamental parameter when estimating
emissions of rail freight transport, its sources from which is generated the electricity suitable
to implement the rail transport. It is a relevant factor to correctly estimate the emissions from
rail transport, due to its difference of pollution emissions, according the sources of energy.
The analysis of fleet framework in the Alpine
network considered the composition of the
overall trucks circulating for business purposes
within the alpine territory per vehicle emission
standard: euro 0, euro 1, euro 2, euro 3,
Euro 4 ed Euro 5, as showed in the following
figure.
Euro 5
41,6%
Selected sources to estimate the framework
of fleet was the ufT - Federal office of transport
(FOT) Confederation Suisse - alpinfo data
(2009), verified on the basis of outcomes of the
Alpine Space Programme project AlpCheck.
Euro 2
3,4%
Euro 3
38,8%
The term energy mix is used to define the
combination of the sources used to achieve
the goal of supply provided. The amount of
energy consumed in a given period is defined,
for industrialized Countries, as primary energy.
In order to reach the share of primary energy
required for domestic needs, diverse sources
of energy are used such as electricity, heat, renewable
sources etc.
The availability of a country’s primary energy
is guaranteed through their production
on National soil and through trade agreements
(buy or exchange). Regarding the production
of electricity at a European scale, a significant
rate is given by nuclear power (approximately
17%).
In particular, the share of consumption from
renewable sources in Europe amounts to about
8%, while 13% is provided by nuclear energy.
Among Alpine countries, Austria has the largest
share of renewable sources (66%), followed by
Switzerland (55%), which also registers a high
share of nuclear power (41%).
Regarding energy mix on the current consumption
of electricity for UE railways, the main
benchmark is the UIC (Union Railways International),
in the report “Rail Transport and Environment
- Facts & Figures” - 2008.
The specific rail electricity mix for alpine
countries (Austria, Italy, Germany, Switzerland),
is shown in the figure below of, as a
source SBB.
Euro 4
16,2%
Euro 2
Euro 3
Euro 4
Euro 5
Composition of the overall circulating freight vehicles per Euro category.
Source: own elaboration on Alpinfo data (2009)
It is assumed to use a macro-classification, composed by Euro 2-3 and Euro 4-5 vehicles.
This assumption is based on:
• the sharing of truck fleet, according the Euro classes;
• the emission factors per each vehicle category;
• the estimation of emissions per single TEU.
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Austria
Germany
Swizterland
Austria
Germany
Italy
Austria
Germany
Italy
hydropower natural gas coal
Austria 85% 8% 7%
Railways Electricity Mix
Germany
Swizterland
nuclear
power
Germany 10% 9% 54% 27%
Italy 42% 12% 36% 10%
Swizterland 75% 25%
Railways electricity mix.
Source: own elaboration based on SBB data
Italy
water & wind
power
Italy
oil
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CalCulating the environmental effeCts of pilot ConneCtions
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