Biology_of_Mustelids_Vol_1.pdf

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144. REFERENCES 1. Paramonov, A.A. 1937. Materialy po vozrast. kraniol. mlekopit. (Material on the chronological craniology of mammals). Collection in Memory of Academician Menzbir; Akad.Nauk SSSR, Moscow. z. Nadeev, V.N. and Timofeev, V.V. 1955. Sobol' (The Sable). p.50, Zagotizdat, Moscow. 3. Zaleker, V.L. 1953. Problems of the biology of furred animals. Trud.naucho-issled. inst. okhot. promysl., Zagotizdat, Moscow l12 (12) • 4. Yurgenson, P.8. 1956. Zool.zh., 35 (5) : 781. 5. Teplov, V.P. 1954. Zool.zh., 33 (1) : 174.
14~ THE MORPHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF CAUCASIAN ~INE MARTENS AND STONE MARTENS IN RELATION TO AGE DETERMINATION (Nekotorye vozrastnye osobennosti morfologii kavkazskikh lesnykh i kamennykh kunits) by L.S. Ryabov Zool. Zhurn. 1962 41 (11) 1731-1738 A techraque of age determination for the valuable fur-bearing animals would help to solve some important practical problems, e.g. in determining the optimum harvest, the annual population growth, the annual catch, etc., of a given species. For several years (1952-1958) I studied the biology and hunting [statistics] of Caucasus pine martens (Martes martes lorenzi Ogn.) and stone martens (~. foina nehringi Sat.) in the Krasnodar region. On examination of a considerable amount of material (290 carcasses of pine martens and 54 of stone martens), some interesting data were obtained on the morphology of both species, some of which are given in this paper. The Caucasian Pine Marten Appearance and body dimensions. On 29 March 1955 we caught a pregnant female. In all probability it was about to give birth, as on dissection we observed embryos whose appearance and size conformed almost exactly to the description of new-born martens given by P.A. Manteifel (1934). The body length of the embryos, measured from nose tip to the root of the tail, was 9.8 cm, tail length 3.5 cm (Table 1). The embryos were covered with sparse whitish down, the vibrissae and claws were distinct, and the skin was light and devoid of pigmentation. Observations in a zoo showed that young martens grow very quickly. Their eyes and external ear$ open on the 32-36th day of life, and the body
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BIOLOGY " OF MUSTELIDS SOME SOVIET
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2 12. L.S. Ryabov: HeKoTopRe Bospac
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at 4 Bart IV Bathologr Page 14. N.P
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\ I 6 Quotations in the text to a n
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8. the regions inhabited by the nor
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10. larger and longer-tailed muthwa
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12. putgriue (ArctoQale) pygmaeus,
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14. the weasels from these regions.
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16. Sub-species: 1 • Mustela niva
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18. the Caucasus. In 1911, Satunin
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20. (M.10.3), the postorbital width
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orbital constriction is 1.5-7.8 mm
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24. 14.0-16.8 mm (M. 15.1) in the f
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the length of the tail 37-60 mm (M.
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28. K A 1907 Mammals of the North-E
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30. \ I, THE VALIDITY OF BERGMAN'S
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32. the error in a~empting to find
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34. Table 2. Intraspecific variatio
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36. (4) In the desert regions of Ce
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38. 9. Naumov, N.P. 1955. Ekologiya
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40. index Z, (e) equal to 18.1 per
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AGE VARIATION G.D. Dul'keit (loc.ci
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~-------- -- TABLE 1. Sarial No. 1
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46. TABLE 2. Measurements af Female
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48. The ermine and, in particuler,
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50. the formula were as follows : I
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52. is also a small increase with a
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54. REfERENCES 1. Ognev~ 5.1. 1929.
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56. differences due to sex and age
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58. associated by Teplov with the f
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60. transgressed by one sex or the
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62. Table 2 (continued) No. Dimensi
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64. Table 3 ( continuad) ND. Dimens
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--------------- 66· TABLE 5. Diffe
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68. The teble and figures show that
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70. bullae, height of the foramen o
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72. TABLE 7. Sexual dimorphism of a
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74. narrower and lower in the facia
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76. REFERENCES Aspisov, 0.1., and P
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78. Ushakov, V.E. 1930. from the li
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-------------------~------------ 80
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82. The relative weight of the musc
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84. A CONTRIBUTION TO THE ECOLOGY O
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$ 86. Diagnosis The winter coats of
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88. Numbers Trappers can not make a
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~. show this relationship: but repl
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92. Voles (Clethrionomys, Microtus)
Page 96 and 97: spruces, where they were vulnerable
Page 98 and 99: 96. diet of Mustela nivalis from ot
Page 100 and 101: 98. THE PROBLEM OF SEX RATIO IN ERM
Page 102 and 103: 100. commercial seasons): (1) Aktuy
Page 104 and 105: 102. The excess of males over femal
Page 106 and 107: 104. INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON TH
Page 108 and 109: 1~. Observations of ermine trails e
Page 110 and 111: 108· DATA ON THE BIOLOGY or THE ER
Page 112 and 113: TABLE 1. Data on food of ermine Mat
Page 114 and 115: I Ii I II. Reproduction Indications
Page 116 and 117: 114. Furthe~on 19.7.36, a male ermi
Page 118 and 119: 116. TABLE 3. Sex ratio of ermine.
Page 120 and 121: 118. (a) STOATS AND WEASELS AND THE
Page 122 and 123: 120. \ I 1 The results show that ea
Page 124 and 125: 122. @ o Permanent sleeping quarter
Page 126 and 127: 124· It is interesting to compare
Page 128 and 129: 126. they can run absolutely incred
Page 130 and 131: 128. in the woods, in cultivated la
Page 132 and 133: 130. Fig.8 The prints of stoats and
Page 134 and 135: AGE DETERMINATION AND AGE STRUCTURE
Page 136 and 137: (3) 134· the condylobasal length -
Page 138 and 139: 136. the ratio of the interoribtal
Page 140 and 141: Table 1. Measurements of skulls of
Page 142 and 143: 140. Table 3. Measurements of Sagit
Page 144 and 145: 142. Comparison of the results of t
Page 148 and 149: 146. dimensions increase rapidly.
Page 150 and 151: 148. pine martens exhibit all these
Page 152 and 153: 150. and 14.380 g); was 0.18 g/mm;
Page 154 and 155: 152. one molar were still small mi
Page 156 and 157: palatinum are also retained. In yea
Page 158 and 159: ange is 3.0 to 4.0 mm. The sagittal
Page 160 and 161: 158. ANALYSIS OF THE AGE STRUCTURE
Page 162 and 163: When my data were analysed, using t
Page 164 and 165: 162. In winter there is a substant
Page 166 and 167: , 164 Large variations in age rati
Page 168 and 169: p 166. animals changes little, the
Page 170 and 171: 168. REFERENCES Grakov, V••N 19
Page 172 and 173: 170. EFFECT OF HELMINTH INVASIONS
Page 174 and 175: 172. Table 2. Species and distribu
Page 176 and 177: 174. + denotes the presence of a p
Page 178 and 179: 176. brain. In some individuals we
Page 180 and 181: • 178. is the final and evidently
Page 182 and 183: 180. The numbers of "mice" in the
Page 184 and 185: 182. undertaken, to determine the
Page 186 and 187: 184. Autopsy and bacteriological ex
Page 188 and 189: 186. In all four dead ermines auto
Page 190 and 191: 188. CHARACTERISTICS AND CAUSES OF
Page 192 and 193: 190. supplies of ermine became mor
Page 194 and 195: Table 2. Food of the ermine in Nort
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194· I n J. '" ,I ' , C1l '\ ,'\
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196. In the fur harvest in Nov~sib
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198. species were recorded in 1930-
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200. in the Bashkir ASSR. In Kazak
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202. Of the parasitic diseases, skr
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204. raccoon to become acclimatised
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Table 4. 206. Results of fox-track
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-------------~ ------- 208. Adult
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210. not now always the deciding fa
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212. Belyshev, E.F. 1934. (Migratio
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214. , Naumov, N.P. 1934. (Biology
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216. INfECTION o~ THE PINE MARTEN (
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218. the physiology of the host, d
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220. less infected than males (by
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222. Table 4. Filaroides infection
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224. winter; the mean intensity of
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226. Lavrov, N.P. 1944. The role o
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228. bronchi. The posterior end of
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2;0. Experimental infestation of th
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232. collected from the same marsh
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234 mature stage in the polecat las
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of the frontal sinuses. By active m
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238. We used Berman's method to inv
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240. Subsequent experiments establ
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242. Bibliography of other transla
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244. (3) Available from Elton Libr
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246. NASILOV, S.B. 1972. [Feeding o
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(90 20 40 ._"" \:;)'./ J ----J ( 1,
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250. p.248 Key to lVJaps 1 Norway
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252. 121 Semipalatinsk 122 Altai
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254. Number Place Co-ordinates Pag
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Number on map 10 141 46 79 70
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258. Number Place Co-ordinates on
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260. Subject Index Activity, 57' 94
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262. Surplus kills, 93, 111, 128 T
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Mice, 91-92, 109, 121, 127, 191-193
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266. Molluscs, 174, 217 Ag£iolim
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