Biology_of_Mustelids_Vol_1.pdf

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68. The teble and figures show that the female skull is not just a reduced copy of the male skull, for the ratios between corresponding dimensions are very different in the two sexes. The condylobasal length of the skull in semi-adult famales is 89.8% of its length in males. In adults this ratio is 89.7%. All the remaining features can be divided into two large groups~ (a) those in the facial, and (b) those in the cerebral part of the skull. The cereb~al part of the skull in the female is only slightly different in its ebsolute measurements from the cerebral part of the male skull, whereas the differences in the facial region are much more noticeable. 7. 1::1-1 0-11 Fig.3. Sexual dimorphism of absolute dimensions along the transverse axis of the skull. (I) Ratio of skull dimehsions in semi-adult females to those of semi-adult males (in %); (II) the same for adult females and adult males. Measurements: (8) width of nasal aperture; (9) rostral width; (10) interorbital width; (11) width of hard palate; (12) width between ends of supraorbital processes; (13) zygomatic width; (14) postorbital width; (15) auricular width; (16)mastoid width; (17) width of foramen magnum. The horizontal broken line shows that the condylobasal length of the female skull is 89.7-89.8% of its length in the male skull. At the same time, these diagrams show that the facial part of the female skull is relatively smaller than that of the male, while the cerebral part is relatively larger. A noteworthy feature in the female is the
particularly smal~ size of the canine teeth, and the length and width of the hard palate, i.e. features associated with the masticatory apparatus. TABLE 6. Significance of differences between males and females in absolute dimensions of the skull No. Number of speciHlens investigated Number of measurements whose ranges in males and females (a) males females total do not trans- trans- Groups trans- gress gress gress weakly strongly or are only osculatory 1 Turukhan stoat 533 252 785 33 2 Kolyma stoat 126 38 164 2 31 3 Central Russian stoat 78 36 114 33 4 shantar stoat 71 88 109 5 18 10 5 Tobolrsk stoat 40 30 70 1 15 17 6 Kamchatka stoat 33 5 38 5 24 4 7 Karaginskii stoat 30 7 37 10 17 6 8 Transbaikal stoat 22 6 28 22 11 9 Altai stoat 12 6 18 2 23 8 10 fergana stoat 10 2 12 23 10 11 Mongolian stoat 5 4 9 12 15 6 12 semirechinskii stoat 5 2 7 25 8 Total 965 426 1391 (a) In their geographical distribution they correspond to the subspectes listed for the stoat by 5.1. Ognev (1935) and P.s. Vurgenson (1936) - Author. A no less interesting discovery is that the structural features distinguishing the skulls of the male and female different in their postembryonic development. Consequently, in young females, some measurements (rostral width, the width between the ends of the supraorbital processes, the zygomatic width, height of the nasal aperture, facial [rostral?] height of the skull, height of the skull in the region of the tympanic bUllae, etc.) apparently lag behind those of males while others (length of the tympanic "'---- _
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BIOLOGY " OF MUSTELIDS SOME SOVIET
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2 12. L.S. Ryabov: HeKoTopRe Bospac
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at 4 Bart IV Bathologr Page 14. N.P
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\ I 6 Quotations in the text to a n
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8. the regions inhabited by the nor
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10. larger and longer-tailed muthwa
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12. putgriue (ArctoQale) pygmaeus,
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14. the weasels from these regions.
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16. Sub-species: 1 • Mustela niva
Page 20 and 21: 18. the Caucasus. In 1911, Satunin
Page 22 and 23: 20. (M.10.3), the postorbital width
Page 24 and 25: orbital constriction is 1.5-7.8 mm
Page 26 and 27: 24. 14.0-16.8 mm (M. 15.1) in the f
Page 28 and 29: the length of the tail 37-60 mm (M.
Page 30 and 31: 28. K A 1907 Mammals of the North-E
Page 32 and 33: 30. \ I, THE VALIDITY OF BERGMAN'S
Page 34 and 35: 32. the error in a~empting to find
Page 36 and 37: 34. Table 2. Intraspecific variatio
Page 38 and 39: 36. (4) In the desert regions of Ce
Page 40 and 41: 38. 9. Naumov, N.P. 1955. Ekologiya
Page 42 and 43: 40. index Z, (e) equal to 18.1 per
Page 44 and 45: AGE VARIATION G.D. Dul'keit (loc.ci
Page 46 and 47: ~-------- -- TABLE 1. Sarial No. 1
Page 48 and 49: 46. TABLE 2. Measurements af Female
Page 50 and 51: 48. The ermine and, in particuler,
Page 52 and 53: 50. the formula were as follows : I
Page 54 and 55: 52. is also a small increase with a
Page 56 and 57: 54. REfERENCES 1. Ognev~ 5.1. 1929.
Page 58 and 59: 56. differences due to sex and age
Page 60 and 61: 58. associated by Teplov with the f
Page 62 and 63: 60. transgressed by one sex or the
Page 64 and 65: 62. Table 2 (continued) No. Dimensi
Page 66 and 67: 64. Table 3 ( continuad) ND. Dimens
Page 68 and 69: --------------- 66· TABLE 5. Diffe
Page 72 and 73: 70. bullae, height of the foramen o
Page 74 and 75: 72. TABLE 7. Sexual dimorphism of a
Page 76 and 77: 74. narrower and lower in the facia
Page 78 and 79: 76. REFERENCES Aspisov, 0.1., and P
Page 80 and 81: 78. Ushakov, V.E. 1930. from the li
Page 82 and 83: -------------------~------------ 80
Page 84 and 85: 82. The relative weight of the musc
Page 86 and 87: 84. A CONTRIBUTION TO THE ECOLOGY O
Page 88 and 89: $ 86. Diagnosis The winter coats of
Page 90 and 91: 88. Numbers Trappers can not make a
Page 92 and 93: ~. show this relationship: but repl
Page 94 and 95: 92. Voles (Clethrionomys, Microtus)
Page 96 and 97: spruces, where they were vulnerable
Page 98 and 99: 96. diet of Mustela nivalis from ot
Page 100 and 101: 98. THE PROBLEM OF SEX RATIO IN ERM
Page 102 and 103: 100. commercial seasons): (1) Aktuy
Page 104 and 105: 102. The excess of males over femal
Page 106 and 107: 104. INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON TH
Page 108 and 109: 1~. Observations of ermine trails e
Page 110 and 111: 108· DATA ON THE BIOLOGY or THE ER
Page 112 and 113: TABLE 1. Data on food of ermine Mat
Page 114 and 115: I Ii I II. Reproduction Indications
Page 116 and 117: 114. Furthe~on 19.7.36, a male ermi
Page 118 and 119: 116. TABLE 3. Sex ratio of ermine.
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118. (a) STOATS AND WEASELS AND THE
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120. \ I 1 The results show that ea
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122. @ o Permanent sleeping quarter
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124· It is interesting to compare
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126. they can run absolutely incred
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128. in the woods, in cultivated la
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130. Fig.8 The prints of stoats and
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AGE DETERMINATION AND AGE STRUCTURE
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(3) 134· the condylobasal length -
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136. the ratio of the interoribtal
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Table 1. Measurements of skulls of
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140. Table 3. Measurements of Sagit
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142. Comparison of the results of t
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144. REFERENCES 1. Paramonov, A.A.
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146. dimensions increase rapidly.
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148. pine martens exhibit all these
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150. and 14.380 g); was 0.18 g/mm;
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152. one molar were still small mi
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palatinum are also retained. In yea
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ange is 3.0 to 4.0 mm. The sagittal
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158. ANALYSIS OF THE AGE STRUCTURE
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When my data were analysed, using t
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162. In winter there is a substant
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, 164 Large variations in age rati
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p 166. animals changes little, the
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168. REFERENCES Grakov, V••N 19
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170. EFFECT OF HELMINTH INVASIONS
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172. Table 2. Species and distribu
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174. + denotes the presence of a p
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176. brain. In some individuals we
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• 178. is the final and evidently
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180. The numbers of "mice" in the
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182. undertaken, to determine the
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184. Autopsy and bacteriological ex
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186. In all four dead ermines auto
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188. CHARACTERISTICS AND CAUSES OF
Page 192 and 193:
190. supplies of ermine became mor
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Table 2. Food of the ermine in Nort
Page 196 and 197:
194· I n J. '" ,I ' , C1l '\ ,'\
Page 198 and 199:
196. In the fur harvest in Nov~sib
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198. species were recorded in 1930-
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200. in the Bashkir ASSR. In Kazak
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202. Of the parasitic diseases, skr
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204. raccoon to become acclimatised
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Table 4. 206. Results of fox-track
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-------------~ ------- 208. Adult
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210. not now always the deciding fa
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212. Belyshev, E.F. 1934. (Migratio
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214. , Naumov, N.P. 1934. (Biology
Page 218 and 219:
216. INfECTION o~ THE PINE MARTEN (
Page 220 and 221:
218. the physiology of the host, d
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220. less infected than males (by
Page 224 and 225:
222. Table 4. Filaroides infection
Page 226 and 227:
224. winter; the mean intensity of
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226. Lavrov, N.P. 1944. The role o
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228. bronchi. The posterior end of
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2;0. Experimental infestation of th
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232. collected from the same marsh
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234 mature stage in the polecat las
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of the frontal sinuses. By active m
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238. We used Berman's method to inv
Page 242 and 243:
240. Subsequent experiments establ
Page 244 and 245:
242. Bibliography of other transla
Page 246 and 247:
244. (3) Available from Elton Libr
Page 248 and 249:
246. NASILOV, S.B. 1972. [Feeding o
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(90 20 40 ._"" \:;)'./ J ----J ( 1,
Page 252 and 253:
250. p.248 Key to lVJaps 1 Norway
Page 254 and 255:
252. 121 Semipalatinsk 122 Altai
Page 256 and 257:
254. Number Place Co-ordinates Pag
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Number on map 10 141 46 79 70
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258. Number Place Co-ordinates on
Page 262 and 263:
260. Subject Index Activity, 57' 94
Page 264 and 265:
262. Surplus kills, 93, 111, 128 T
Page 266 and 267:
Mice, 91-92, 109, 121, 127, 191-193
Page 268:
266. Molluscs, 174, 217 Ag£iolim
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