Biology_of_Mustelids_Vol_1.pdf

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186. In all four dead ermines autopsy revealed lesions in the lungs sugg3stive of tUberculosis. In all probability, death resulted from this disease, while the administration of a large dose of bacterial cells into the two animals only accelerated it. This assumption is confirmed by the presence of the same pathological changes in the lungs of the two uninfected ermines which, as it were, served as controls. The last two ermines remained alive despite repeated infection with massive doses, by feeding them on diseased mice and by SUbcutaneous injection. One of these animals after Bach infection lost appetite and its customary activity, but then rapidly got better. In the second ermine the disease ran a more severe course: it lost much weight, and lay for some time motionless and ate without getting up • These experiments, carried out with a small number of animals, do not allow final conclusions on the resistance of the ermine to tularaemia infection, but they do however suggest that the Drmine is only weakly su,sceptible, possessing consid6rElble resistance to tularaemia. In natural conditions the contraction by ermines of tularaemia is quite possible, particularly where there is tularaemia among the murine rodents cr water rats with which the predator has direct and close contact. It may indeed be fatal, but probably not frequently, so it is unlikely to be a serious mortality factor. In conclusion it should be noted, that of 1717 ermine carcasses inspected, few of the organs of the chest and abdominal cavities bore outward signs of invasion by helminths or by infectious or protozoal diseases, which em~hasises diseases. the general resistance of the ermine to various
187· REFERENCES 1. Lavrov, N.P. 1943. Helminth invasions as a factor in the variation in the numbers of ermine (Mustela erminaa L.). Zoologicheskii zhurnal, ll. (1). 2. Morozov, F.K. 1939. Parasitic worms of furred animals of the family Mustelidae in the Gorkii Region. Trud.Gorkii gosudarstv. pedagog. inst., i. 3. Petrov, A.M. and Solodilova, 5.1. 1940. Experience in clearing crenosomatasis from a furred animal breeding farm. Vestnik veterinarii, (1 ) • 4. Tereza, 5.1. and Shalimov, loG. 1937. Helminth load as a possible cause of infertility in mammals. 8yull, eksper. bioI. i mad., 1 (3).
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BIOLOGY " OF MUSTELIDS SOME SOVIET
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2 12. L.S. Ryabov: HeKoTopRe Bospac
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at 4 Bart IV Bathologr Page 14. N.P
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\ I 6 Quotations in the text to a n
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8. the regions inhabited by the nor
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10. larger and longer-tailed muthwa
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12. putgriue (ArctoQale) pygmaeus,
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14. the weasels from these regions.
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16. Sub-species: 1 • Mustela niva
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18. the Caucasus. In 1911, Satunin
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20. (M.10.3), the postorbital width
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orbital constriction is 1.5-7.8 mm
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24. 14.0-16.8 mm (M. 15.1) in the f
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the length of the tail 37-60 mm (M.
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28. K A 1907 Mammals of the North-E
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30. \ I, THE VALIDITY OF BERGMAN'S
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32. the error in a~empting to find
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34. Table 2. Intraspecific variatio
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36. (4) In the desert regions of Ce
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38. 9. Naumov, N.P. 1955. Ekologiya
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40. index Z, (e) equal to 18.1 per
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AGE VARIATION G.D. Dul'keit (loc.ci
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~-------- -- TABLE 1. Sarial No. 1
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46. TABLE 2. Measurements af Female
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48. The ermine and, in particuler,
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50. the formula were as follows : I
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52. is also a small increase with a
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54. REfERENCES 1. Ognev~ 5.1. 1929.
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56. differences due to sex and age
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58. associated by Teplov with the f
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60. transgressed by one sex or the
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62. Table 2 (continued) No. Dimensi
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64. Table 3 ( continuad) ND. Dimens
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--------------- 66· TABLE 5. Diffe
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68. The teble and figures show that
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70. bullae, height of the foramen o
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72. TABLE 7. Sexual dimorphism of a
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74. narrower and lower in the facia
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76. REFERENCES Aspisov, 0.1., and P
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78. Ushakov, V.E. 1930. from the li
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-------------------~------------ 80
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82. The relative weight of the musc
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84. A CONTRIBUTION TO THE ECOLOGY O
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$ 86. Diagnosis The winter coats of
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88. Numbers Trappers can not make a
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~. show this relationship: but repl
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92. Voles (Clethrionomys, Microtus)
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spruces, where they were vulnerable
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96. diet of Mustela nivalis from ot
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98. THE PROBLEM OF SEX RATIO IN ERM
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100. commercial seasons): (1) Aktuy
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102. The excess of males over femal
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104. INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON TH
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1~. Observations of ermine trails e
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108· DATA ON THE BIOLOGY or THE ER
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TABLE 1. Data on food of ermine Mat
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I Ii I II. Reproduction Indications
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114. Furthe~on 19.7.36, a male ermi
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116. TABLE 3. Sex ratio of ermine.
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118. (a) STOATS AND WEASELS AND THE
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120. \ I 1 The results show that ea
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122. @ o Permanent sleeping quarter
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124· It is interesting to compare
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126. they can run absolutely incred
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128. in the woods, in cultivated la
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130. Fig.8 The prints of stoats and
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AGE DETERMINATION AND AGE STRUCTURE
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(3) 134· the condylobasal length -
Page 138 and 139: 136. the ratio of the interoribtal
Page 140 and 141: Table 1. Measurements of skulls of
Page 142 and 143: 140. Table 3. Measurements of Sagit
Page 144 and 145: 142. Comparison of the results of t
Page 146 and 147: 144. REFERENCES 1. Paramonov, A.A.
Page 148 and 149: 146. dimensions increase rapidly.
Page 150 and 151: 148. pine martens exhibit all these
Page 152 and 153: 150. and 14.380 g); was 0.18 g/mm;
Page 154 and 155: 152. one molar were still small mi
Page 156 and 157: palatinum are also retained. In yea
Page 158 and 159: ange is 3.0 to 4.0 mm. The sagittal
Page 160 and 161: 158. ANALYSIS OF THE AGE STRUCTURE
Page 162 and 163: When my data were analysed, using t
Page 164 and 165: 162. In winter there is a substant
Page 166 and 167: , 164 Large variations in age rati
Page 168 and 169: p 166. animals changes little, the
Page 170 and 171: 168. REFERENCES Grakov, V••N 19
Page 172 and 173: 170. EFFECT OF HELMINTH INVASIONS
Page 174 and 175: 172. Table 2. Species and distribu
Page 176 and 177: 174. + denotes the presence of a p
Page 178 and 179: 176. brain. In some individuals we
Page 180 and 181: • 178. is the final and evidently
Page 182 and 183: 180. The numbers of "mice" in the
Page 184 and 185: 182. undertaken, to determine the
Page 186 and 187: 184. Autopsy and bacteriological ex
Page 190 and 191: 188. CHARACTERISTICS AND CAUSES OF
Page 192 and 193: 190. supplies of ermine became mor
Page 194 and 195: Table 2. Food of the ermine in Nort
Page 196 and 197: 194· I n J. '" ,I ' , C1l '\ ,'\
Page 198 and 199: 196. In the fur harvest in Nov~sib
Page 200 and 201: 198. species were recorded in 1930-
Page 202 and 203: 200. in the Bashkir ASSR. In Kazak
Page 204 and 205: 202. Of the parasitic diseases, skr
Page 206 and 207: 204. raccoon to become acclimatised
Page 208 and 209: Table 4. 206. Results of fox-track
Page 210 and 211: -------------~ ------- 208. Adult
Page 212 and 213: 210. not now always the deciding fa
Page 214 and 215: 212. Belyshev, E.F. 1934. (Migratio
Page 216 and 217: 214. , Naumov, N.P. 1934. (Biology
Page 218 and 219: 216. INfECTION o~ THE PINE MARTEN (
Page 220 and 221: 218. the physiology of the host, d
Page 222 and 223: 220. less infected than males (by
Page 224 and 225: 222. Table 4. Filaroides infection
Page 226 and 227: 224. winter; the mean intensity of
Page 228 and 229: 226. Lavrov, N.P. 1944. The role o
Page 230 and 231: 228. bronchi. The posterior end of
Page 232 and 233: 2;0. Experimental infestation of th
Page 234 and 235: 232. collected from the same marsh
Page 236 and 237: 234 mature stage in the polecat las
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of the frontal sinuses. By active m
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238. We used Berman's method to inv
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240. Subsequent experiments establ
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242. Bibliography of other transla
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244. (3) Available from Elton Libr
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246. NASILOV, S.B. 1972. [Feeding o
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(90 20 40 ._"" \:;)'./ J ----J ( 1,
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250. p.248 Key to lVJaps 1 Norway
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252. 121 Semipalatinsk 122 Altai
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254. Number Place Co-ordinates Pag
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Number on map 10 141 46 79 70
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258. Number Place Co-ordinates on
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260. Subject Index Activity, 57' 94
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262. Surplus kills, 93, 111, 128 T
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Mice, 91-92, 109, 121, 127, 191-193
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266. Molluscs, 174, 217 Ag£iolim
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