Principles of Community Engagement (Second Edition)

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Social network analysis (SNA) is a method that can be used to evaluate community engagement and assess communities By providing a way of describing the diversity of networks and a set of tools for visually represent- ing and quantifying the characteristics of a network, SNA can help partners understand a community’s networks and track how they grow and change over time This methodology is discussed further in Chapter 7 Establish Positions and Strategies Social networks represent important groups of constituents in any community health planning initiative These groups can be engaged to provide feedback, identify priorities and opportunities, establish positions on issues and approaches, and plan strategies for intervention Both obtaining knowledge about social networks and gathering knowledge from such networks are essential to the development of relevant strategies for health improvement In addition, social networks are a means of communication, creating a platform for sharing and discussing potential positions and strategies Build and Sustain Networks Building and sustaining networks of individuals and entities for community health improvement or research includes establishing and maintaining communication channels, exchanging resources, and coordinating collaborative activities Existing social networks can be effective and efficient platforms for efforts in community engagement if they reach people who are central to these efforts and if their members share the goals of the engagement efforts Through the community engagement process, new networks can be developed as well Mobilize Constituencies Ultimately, partners and their constituencies must be mobilized to take the actions that will lead to improved community health, and mobilization must be sustained through leadership, communication, and motivation As described earlier in this chapter, this is where the social capital embedded in social networks is of the utmost importance Throughout the community 154
engagement effort, relationships must be strengthened and new capacity for collective action developed It is important to reach out and pull in key opinion leaders and community stakeholders In one example of how this can work, a clinician-researcher at the University of California, Davis, used social networks to help reduce dog bites among children After noticing that a large number of children were being seen for treatment of dog bites, the investigator identified social networks such as dog owners, school crossing guards, and neighborhood associations and engaged them in understanding the problem, defining workable solutions, and mobilizing the community to put these solutions into action (Pan et al , 2005) ELECTRONIC SOCIAL MEDIA AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT Introduction The tools of electronic social media, such as Facebook and Twitter, can be used to track, support, create, and mobilize social networks; these tools have significant potential to enhance community engagement efforts (Fine, 2006) Social media venues have undergone a significant shift to greater bidirectional or multidirectional communication in recent years (Bacon, 2009), and thus these venues represent opportunities for health messaging that have yet to be fully realized In addition, they provide new forums to raise issues, facilitate the exchange of ideas, and engage a larger community The Potential of Social Media Social media tools provide a newly emerging mechanism for engaging a large and diverse group of participants, including individuals or groups that might otherwise be hard to reach or to bring together, such as individuals with a rare disease (Bacon, 2009; Fine, 2006) Social media also provide a forum for discussion that has important differences from face-to-face interactions With social media, all participants have an opportunity to contribute to the discussion, responses need not be immediate, and time can be taken to review the thread of a discussion Social media also provide opportunities to reframe questions as the discussion evolves (Connor, 2009) 155
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PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
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TABLE OF CONTENTS CTSA Community En
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Editorial and Research Staff Mina S
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For further information on the CTSA
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FOREWORD As Surgeon General, I am p
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Executive Summary
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of Veterans Affairs, and other fede
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REFERENCES Ahmed SM, Palermo AG Com
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Chapter 1 Community Engagement: Def
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clinics, agencies, after-school pro
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The eligibility criteria that scien
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2 Design and delivery—Improvement
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There is no question that culture a
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oot causes of problems while at the
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• Know the community, its constit
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• Coalitions require that each pa
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studies demonstrate that IRBs gener
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action at those levels This approac
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• S o c i e t y : Advocate for th
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According to Rogers, the characteri
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is the added value of CBPR to the r
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• It is important to understand c
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Butterfoss FD, Kegler MC (2002) Tow
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Flicker S, Travers R, Guta A, McDon
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Jones MR, Horner RD, Edwards LJ, Ho
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Minkler M Community organizing and
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Shore N Community-based participato
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Yale Center for Clinical Investigat
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Chapter 2 Principles of Community E
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• Ask community members to specif
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trust for a true partnership Such m
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that affect health and health dispa
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difference in the health of the pop
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Chapter 3 Successful Examples in th
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59 TABLE 3.1. MATRIX OF CASE EXAMPL
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a mission statement written in the
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2. HEALTH-E-AME Background: The Med
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3. PROJECT SUGAR Background: Gullah
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Websites http://academicdepartments
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of the community context, developme
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5. HEALING OF THE CANOE Background:
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6. FORMANDO NUESTRO FUTURO/SHAPING
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7. IMPROVING AMERICAN INDIAN CANCER
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and the mistreatment of some Americ
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access to resources for healthy eat
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9. THE DENTAL PRACTICE-BASED RESEAR
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10. DIABETES EDUCATION & PREVENTION
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11. PROJECT DULCE Background: Diabe
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References Gilmer TP, Philis-Tsimik
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milestones in child development, ch
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Chapter 4 Managing Organizational S
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engagement is not limited to coalit
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Practice Element 1: Know the Commun
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each capacity component for this pr
Page 109 and 110: REFERENCES Butterfoss FD. Coalition
Page 111 and 112: Table 4.1. Know the Community, Its
Page 113 and 114: Table 4.3. Build and Sustain Networ
Page 115 and 116: Challenges in Improving Community E
Page 117 and 118: ecommended public health practices
Page 119 and 120: community setting can be just as ri
Page 121 and 122: These challenges do not compare, ho
Page 123 and 124: halted its efforts to collect data
Page 125 and 126: mechanisms for communication, the c
Page 127 and 128: The researchers and the community b
Page 129 and 130: Horn K, McGloin T, Dino G, Manzo K,
Page 131 and 132: Take-Home Messages • Be explicit
Page 133 and 134: At meetings of the CAB, decisions w
Page 135 and 136: 3. WORKING WITH NONTRADITIONAL COMM
Page 137 and 138: B. How do you engage a state as a c
Page 139 and 140: to those applying for funds The eva
Page 141 and 142: 4. INITIATING A PROJECT WITH A COMM
Page 143 and 144: B. How do you set up and maintain a
Page 145 and 146: References Blumenthal DS A communit
Page 147 and 148: parties grew frustrated The partner
Page 149 and 150: 5. O VERCOMING COMPETING PRIORITIES
Page 151 and 152: Reference Reifsnider E, Hargraves M
Page 153 and 154: Take-Home Messages • “Splitting
Page 155 and 156: Although the CTSA sites in the Bost
Page 157 and 158: Chapter 6 The Value of Social Netwo
Page 159: Social networks can also play an im
Page 163 and 164: engagement Furthermore, social medi
Page 165 and 166: REFERENCES Arthur T The role of soc
Page 167 and 168: Program Evaluation and Evaluating C
Page 169 and 170: approaches to evaluation that are p
Page 171 and 172: Several institutions have identifie
Page 173 and 174: Planning Defining and identifying s
Page 175 and 176: Once the positive outcome of a prog
Page 177 and 178: The major goal of empowerment evalu
Page 179 and 180: Table 7.1. Types of Evaluation Ques
Page 181 and 182: The evaluation of community engagem
Page 183 and 184: for understanding a community and i
Page 185 and 186: REFERENCES Anderson RM, Funnell MM,
Page 187 and 188: Patton MQ Qualitative evaluation an
Page 189 and 190: Chapter 8 Summary Donna Jo McCloske
Page 191 and 192: • Know the extent to which the fo
Page 193 and 194: Appendix A: Acronyms
Page 195 and 196: CDC Centers for Disease Control and
Page 197: NIH Publication No. 11-7782
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