Principles of Community Engagement (Second Edition)

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Increasing Level of Community Involvement, Impact, Trust, and Communication Flow Outreach Some Community Involvement Communication flows from one to the other, to inform Provides community with information. Entities coexist. Outcomes: Optimally, establishes communication channels and channels for outreach. More Community Involvement Communication flows to the community and then back, answer seeking Gets information or feedback from the community. Entities share information. Outcomes: Develops connections. Figure 1.1. Community Engagement Continuum Why Practice Community Engagement? Advocates of community engagement assert that it improves health promotion and health research However, the processes, costs, and benefits of community engagement are still a relatively new field of study In 2004, AHRQ brought attention to the importance of empirical work in this area and greatly advanced our knowledge through a synthesis of the research, much of which indicated that community engagement strengthened the conduct of research (Viswanathan et al , 2004) A recent review of the literature on community engagement identified nine areas in which community engagement made a positive impact (Staley, 2009) Although this study focused on research partnerships, many of its findings are relevant to community engagement in general The nine areas and the corresponding benefits were as follows: 1 Agenda—Engagement changes the choice and focus of projects, how they are initiated, and their potential to obtain funding New areas for collaboration are identified, and funding that requires community engagement becomes accessible 8 Consult Involve Better Community Involvement Communication flows both ways, participatory form of communication Involves more participation with community on issues. Entities cooperate with each other. Outcomes: Visibility of partnership established with increased cooperation. Reference: Modified by the authors from the International Association for Public Participation. Collaborate Community Involvement Communication flow is bidirectional Forms partnerships with community on each aspect of project from development to solution. Entities form bidirectional communication channels. Outcomes: Partnership building, trust building. Shared Leadership Strong Bidirectional Relationship Final decision making is at community level. Entities have formed strong partnership structures. Outcomes: Broader health outcomes affecting broader community. Strong bidirectional trust built.
2 Design and delivery—Improvements to study design, tools, interventions, representation/participation, data collection and analysis, communication, and dissemination can be implemented New interventions or previously unappreciated causal links can be identified through the community’s knowledge of local circumstances The speed and efficiency of the project can be enhanced by rapidly engaging partners and participants and identifying new sources of information 3 Implementation and change—Improvements can be made in the way research findings are used to bring about change (e g , through new or improved ser- vices, policy or funding changes, or transformation of professional practices), and capacity for change and the maintenance of long-term partnerships can be expanded 4 Ethics—Engagement creates opportunities to improve the consent process, identify ethical pitfalls, and create processes for resolving ethical problems when they arise 5 The public involved in the project—The knowledge and skills of the public involved in the project can be enhanced, and their contributions can be recognized (possibly through financial rewards) These efforts foster goodwill and help lay the groundwork for subsequent collaborations 6 Academic partners—Academic partners can gain enhanced understanding of the issue under study and appreciation of the role and value of community involvement, which sometimes result in direct career benefits In addition, new insights into the relevance of a project and the various benefits to be gained from it can result in increased opportunities to disseminate its findings and their wider use 7 Individual research participants—Improvements in the way studies are carried out can make it easier to participate in them and bring benefits to participants 8 Community organizations—These organizations can gain enhanced knowledge, a higher profile in the community, more linkages with other community members and entities, and new organizational capacity These benefits can create goodwill and help lay the groundwork for subsequent collaborations 9
Page 1 and 2: PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS CTSA Community En
Page 5 and 6: Editorial and Research Staff Mina S
Page 7 and 8: For further information on the CTSA
Page 9 and 10: FOREWORD As Surgeon General, I am p
Page 11 and 12: Executive Summary
Page 13 and 14: of Veterans Affairs, and other fede
Page 15 and 16: REFERENCES Ahmed SM, Palermo AG Com
Page 17 and 18: Chapter 1 Community Engagement: Def
Page 19 and 20: clinics, agencies, after-school pro
Page 21: The eligibility criteria that scien
Page 25 and 26: There is no question that culture a
Page 27 and 28: oot causes of problems while at the
Page 29 and 30: • Know the community, its constit
Page 31 and 32: • Coalitions require that each pa
Page 33 and 34: studies demonstrate that IRBs gener
Page 35 and 36: action at those levels This approac
Page 37 and 38: • S o c i e t y : Advocate for th
Page 39 and 40: According to Rogers, the characteri
Page 41 and 42: is the added value of CBPR to the r
Page 43 and 44: • It is important to understand c
Page 45 and 46: Butterfoss FD, Kegler MC (2002) Tow
Page 47 and 48: Flicker S, Travers R, Guta A, McDon
Page 49 and 50: Jones MR, Horner RD, Edwards LJ, Ho
Page 51 and 52: Minkler M Community organizing and
Page 53 and 54: Shore N Community-based participato
Page 55 and 56: Yale Center for Clinical Investigat
Page 57 and 58: Chapter 2 Principles of Community E
Page 59 and 60: • Ask community members to specif
Page 61 and 62: trust for a true partnership Such m
Page 63 and 64: that affect health and health dispa
Page 65 and 66: difference in the health of the pop
Page 67 and 68: Chapter 3 Successful Examples in th
Page 69 and 70: 59 TABLE 3.1. MATRIX OF CASE EXAMPL
Page 71 and 72: a mission statement written in the
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2. HEALTH-E-AME Background: The Med
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3. PROJECT SUGAR Background: Gullah
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Websites http://academicdepartments
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of the community context, developme
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5. HEALING OF THE CANOE Background:
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6. FORMANDO NUESTRO FUTURO/SHAPING
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7. IMPROVING AMERICAN INDIAN CANCER
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and the mistreatment of some Americ
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access to resources for healthy eat
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9. THE DENTAL PRACTICE-BASED RESEAR
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10. DIABETES EDUCATION & PREVENTION
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11. PROJECT DULCE Background: Diabe
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References Gilmer TP, Philis-Tsimik
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milestones in child development, ch
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Chapter 4 Managing Organizational S
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engagement is not limited to coalit
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Practice Element 1: Know the Commun
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each capacity component for this pr
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REFERENCES Butterfoss FD. Coalition
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Table 4.1. Know the Community, Its
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Table 4.3. Build and Sustain Networ
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Challenges in Improving Community E
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ecommended public health practices
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community setting can be just as ri
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These challenges do not compare, ho
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halted its efforts to collect data
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mechanisms for communication, the c
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The researchers and the community b
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Horn K, McGloin T, Dino G, Manzo K,
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Take-Home Messages • Be explicit
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At meetings of the CAB, decisions w
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3. WORKING WITH NONTRADITIONAL COMM
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B. How do you engage a state as a c
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to those applying for funds The eva
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4. INITIATING A PROJECT WITH A COMM
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B. How do you set up and maintain a
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References Blumenthal DS A communit
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parties grew frustrated The partner
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5. O VERCOMING COMPETING PRIORITIES
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Reference Reifsnider E, Hargraves M
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Take-Home Messages • “Splitting
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Although the CTSA sites in the Bost
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Chapter 6 The Value of Social Netwo
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Social networks can also play an im
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engagement effort, relationships mu
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engagement Furthermore, social medi
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REFERENCES Arthur T The role of soc
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Program Evaluation and Evaluating C
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approaches to evaluation that are p
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Several institutions have identifie
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Planning Defining and identifying s
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Once the positive outcome of a prog
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The major goal of empowerment evalu
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Table 7.1. Types of Evaluation Ques
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The evaluation of community engagem
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for understanding a community and i
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REFERENCES Anderson RM, Funnell MM,
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Patton MQ Qualitative evaluation an
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Chapter 8 Summary Donna Jo McCloske
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• Know the extent to which the fo
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Appendix A: Acronyms
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CDC Centers for Disease Control and
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NIH Publication No. 11-7782
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