Principles of Community Engagement (Second Edition)

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Like all efforts in engagement, developing PBR includes building trust, sharing decision making, and recognizing the expertise of Westfall et al (2007) have identified the lack of successful collaboration between community physicians and academic researchers as one of the major roadblocks to translation They note that although the majority of patients receive most of their medical care from a physician in a community setting, most clinical research takes place in an academic setting (Westfall et al , 2007) Consequently, the results of clinical trials may not be easily generalized to real-world clinical practices One solution to this dilemma is practice-based research (PBR): engaging the practice community in research PBR has traditionally been conducted in a primary care setting using a coordinated infrastructure (physicians, nurses, and office staff), although the recent emphasis on translation has contributed to the emergence of more specialized practice-based research networks (e g , in nursing, dental care, and pharmacy) Like all efforts in engagement, developing PBR includes building trust, sharing decision making, and recognizing the expertise of all partners PBR addresses three particular concerns about clinical practice: identifying medical directives that, despite recommendations, are not being implemented; validating the effectiveness of clinical interventions in community-based primary care settings; and increasing the number of patients participating in evidencebased treatments (Westfall et al , 2007) “PBR also provides the laboratory for a range of research approaches that are sometimes better suited to translational research than are clinical trials: observational studies, physician and patient surveys, secondary data analysis, and qualitative research” (Westfall et al , 2007, p 405) all partners. CONCLUSION The wide-ranging literature summarized above shares several major themes: • There are multiple reasons for community-engaged health promotion and research • Community engagement must be conducted in a manner that is respectful of all partners and mindful of their need to benefit from collaboration 28
• It is important to understand context (in all its complexity) as it affects health problems and the development of health solutions • We must recognize that community-engaged health improvement is a long- term, evolving process Chapter 2 covers nine principles of community engagement that are grounded in the preceding literature Succeeding chapters develop practical applications and examples of the issues discussed in the first two chapters, specifically in the areas of planning and implementing CEnR and health promotion (Chapters 3 and 5), creating the management and organizational support necessary for community engagement (Chapter 4), using social networking for community engagement (Chapter 6), and evaluating community-engaged projects (Chapter 7) 29
Page 1 and 2: PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS CTSA Community En
Page 5 and 6: Editorial and Research Staff Mina S
Page 7 and 8: For further information on the CTSA
Page 9 and 10: FOREWORD As Surgeon General, I am p
Page 11 and 12: Executive Summary
Page 13 and 14: of Veterans Affairs, and other fede
Page 15 and 16: REFERENCES Ahmed SM, Palermo AG Com
Page 17 and 18: Chapter 1 Community Engagement: Def
Page 19 and 20: clinics, agencies, after-school pro
Page 21 and 22: The eligibility criteria that scien
Page 23 and 24: 2 Design and delivery—Improvement
Page 25 and 26: There is no question that culture a
Page 27 and 28: oot causes of problems while at the
Page 29 and 30: • Know the community, its constit
Page 31 and 32: • Coalitions require that each pa
Page 33 and 34: studies demonstrate that IRBs gener
Page 35 and 36: action at those levels This approac
Page 37 and 38: • S o c i e t y : Advocate for th
Page 39 and 40: According to Rogers, the characteri
Page 41: is the added value of CBPR to the r
Page 45 and 46: Butterfoss FD, Kegler MC (2002) Tow
Page 47 and 48: Flicker S, Travers R, Guta A, McDon
Page 49 and 50: Jones MR, Horner RD, Edwards LJ, Ho
Page 51 and 52: Minkler M Community organizing and
Page 53 and 54: Shore N Community-based participato
Page 55 and 56: Yale Center for Clinical Investigat
Page 57 and 58: Chapter 2 Principles of Community E
Page 59 and 60: • Ask community members to specif
Page 61 and 62: trust for a true partnership Such m
Page 63 and 64: that affect health and health dispa
Page 65 and 66: difference in the health of the pop
Page 67 and 68: Chapter 3 Successful Examples in th
Page 69 and 70: 59 TABLE 3.1. MATRIX OF CASE EXAMPL
Page 71 and 72: a mission statement written in the
Page 73 and 74: 2. HEALTH-E-AME Background: The Med
Page 75 and 76: 3. PROJECT SUGAR Background: Gullah
Page 77 and 78: Websites http://academicdepartments
Page 79 and 80: of the community context, developme
Page 81 and 82: 5. HEALING OF THE CANOE Background:
Page 83 and 84: 6. FORMANDO NUESTRO FUTURO/SHAPING
Page 85 and 86: 7. IMPROVING AMERICAN INDIAN CANCER
Page 87 and 88: and the mistreatment of some Americ
Page 89 and 90: access to resources for healthy eat
Page 91 and 92: 9. THE DENTAL PRACTICE-BASED RESEAR
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10. DIABETES EDUCATION & PREVENTION
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11. PROJECT DULCE Background: Diabe
Page 97 and 98:
References Gilmer TP, Philis-Tsimik
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milestones in child development, ch
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Chapter 4 Managing Organizational S
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engagement is not limited to coalit
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Practice Element 1: Know the Commun
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each capacity component for this pr
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REFERENCES Butterfoss FD. Coalition
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Table 4.1. Know the Community, Its
Page 113 and 114:
Table 4.3. Build and Sustain Networ
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Challenges in Improving Community E
Page 117 and 118:
ecommended public health practices
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community setting can be just as ri
Page 121 and 122:
These challenges do not compare, ho
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halted its efforts to collect data
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mechanisms for communication, the c
Page 127 and 128:
The researchers and the community b
Page 129 and 130:
Horn K, McGloin T, Dino G, Manzo K,
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Take-Home Messages • Be explicit
Page 133 and 134:
At meetings of the CAB, decisions w
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3. WORKING WITH NONTRADITIONAL COMM
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B. How do you engage a state as a c
Page 139 and 140:
to those applying for funds The eva
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4. INITIATING A PROJECT WITH A COMM
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B. How do you set up and maintain a
Page 145 and 146:
References Blumenthal DS A communit
Page 147 and 148:
parties grew frustrated The partner
Page 149 and 150:
5. O VERCOMING COMPETING PRIORITIES
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Reference Reifsnider E, Hargraves M
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Take-Home Messages • “Splitting
Page 155 and 156:
Although the CTSA sites in the Bost
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Chapter 6 The Value of Social Netwo
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Social networks can also play an im
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engagement effort, relationships mu
Page 163 and 164:
engagement Furthermore, social medi
Page 165 and 166:
REFERENCES Arthur T The role of soc
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Program Evaluation and Evaluating C
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approaches to evaluation that are p
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Several institutions have identifie
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Planning Defining and identifying s
Page 175 and 176:
Once the positive outcome of a prog
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The major goal of empowerment evalu
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Table 7.1. Types of Evaluation Ques
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The evaluation of community engagem
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for understanding a community and i
Page 185 and 186:
REFERENCES Anderson RM, Funnell MM,
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Patton MQ Qualitative evaluation an
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Chapter 8 Summary Donna Jo McCloske
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• Know the extent to which the fo
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Appendix A: Acronyms
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CDC Centers for Disease Control and
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NIH Publication No. 11-7782
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