Technical Development of Waste Sector in Sweden: Survey

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MASTER’S THESIS IN ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES RESEARCH advanced mature stage. For research work, data availability is undeniable criteria. It is not easy to get real and reliable data for emerging technologies most of the time. Therefore, data availability is also considered as key criteria’s while analyzing the emerging technologies. Figure 1 shows the key criteria’s of emerging technologies. Figure 1: Key criteria’s for analyzing emerging technologies 2.2.2 SWOT analysis Emerging technologies are analyzed by SWOT analysis. SWOT analysis is a planning tool used to understand the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats involved in a project or in a business. However, the tool is very useful to analyze particular process or technology. SWOT analysis is useful to understand the technology in order to analyze probable strength, weakness, benefit and probable threats. In the next step, emerging technologies are evaluated by a qualitative evaluation. 2.2.3 Qualitative evaluation of the emerging technologies Based on SWOT analysis technologies are analyzed in the context of potential strength, weakness, opportunity and threats. Technologies are assigned higher or lower values giving importance to its criteria and its qualitative data. Different technologies have different waste handling capacity, while most of the thermal waste treatment technologies can treat all type of waste fractions, biodegradable KUNGLIGA TEKNISKA HÖGSKOLAN 6 | Page
MASTER’S THESIS IN ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES RESEARCH waste fractions are handled by biological waste treatment technology. Therefore, while, some technologies require higher sorting efficiency for better performance, others can manage in lower sorting system.. Emerging technology can be new or under the process of getting developed and it can also be a technology with retro fittings. Therefore, development stage of the technology is one of the vital factors for emerging technology selection process and based on its efficiency and adaptability, development of technology has moved from the lab scale to the large project scale. Criteria problem solving capacity is not only the focus in sustainable waste management system but also the enabling factor. Economical as well as environmental performance must be considered in the overall waste management system. Environmental performance of the technology gives the high priority in the problem solving capacity. Table 1 shows the criteria for evaluating emerging technology while the qualitative valuation is used based on the level of significance. Table 1: Evaluation criteria’s of selecting the emerging waste technology Criteria’s Range/ ranking Symbol used Limited type of waste, * Waste handling Sorted waste *** capacity All type of waste ***** Lab scale * Development stage Pilot scale ** Large pilot scale *** Advanced/ mature ***** level Very poor * Problem solving Poor ** capacity Good *** Very good ***** Selection of emerging technology for further study (LCA study) is done based on the waste management problem solving capacity, development stage and data availability. Since, existing technology is compared with the emerging technology; selection of emerging technology is done by considering the process type, waste handling capacity and similar like multi-output or single output from the system. 2.3. LCA Methodology Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) defines LCA as ‘‘an objective process to evaluate the environmental burdens associated with a product, process or activity, by identifying and quantifying energy and materials used and waste released to the environment, and to evaluate and implement opportunities to effect environmental improvements’’ (Barton et al., 1996). Simply KUNGLIGA TEKNISKA HÖGSKOLAN 7 | Page
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Technical Development of Waste Sector in Sweden: Survey

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