Technical Development of Waste Sector in Sweden: Survey

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MASTER’S THESIS IN ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES RESEARCH ABSTRACT Waste can be considered as an urban burden or as a valuable resource depending on how it is managed. Different waste treatment technologies are available at present to manage municipal solid waste (MSW). Various actors are involved to develop waste treatment technology for certain area. The aim of this study is to analyze the driving forces in technical development in waste sector in Sweden. The study is also done to identify emerging waste management technology in Sweden. Moreover, a comparative study of existing and emerging technologies is done by Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) model. An extensive literature review and pilot questionnaire survey among the waste management professionals’ is done for the study. LCA model is developed by SimaPro software CML2 baseline method is used for identifying environmental burden from the waste technologies. Dry composting, Pyrolysis-Gasification (P-G), Plasma-Arc are identified as potential emerging technologies for waste management system in Sweden. Technical developments of these technologies are influenced by indigenous people’s behavior, waste characteristics, regulations, health or environmental impact and global climate change. Comparative LCA model of P-G and Incineration shows that, P-G is a favorable waste treatment technology than Incineration for MSW, especially in acidification, global warming and aquatic eco-toxicity impact categories. Keywords: Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), Integrated Waste Management System (IWMS), Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Waste-to-Energy (WTE), Emerging Technology, Pyrolysis-Gasification, Incineration. KUNGLIGA TEKNISKA HÖGSKOLAN ii | Page
MASTER’S THESIS IN ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES RESEARCH ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First, I would like to express my solemn gratitude to almighty Allah for his blessings. I am grateful to my parents who encouraged and supported me to pursue higher education abroad and with all pride; I say they are my real inspiration. I am also grateful to my sister and brother-in-law who supported me in Sweden during my master’s programme. Special gratitude to Ms. Anna Björklund, my supervisor, who provided me an opportunity to work for a National project “Tools for Sustainable Waste Management". I really value her constructive comments, suggestions over my research work and her continuous encouragement without which this thesis project would not have been possible. I thank her for introducing me to LCA tool, which I now see as my future research for prospective career. Ms. Anna Björklund is really an awe-inspiring supervisor. I would like to thank Mr. Jan Erik Gustafson, Mr. Peter Brokking, Mr. Tigran Haas, and Ms. Sofia Norlander, people behind successful running of Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Infrastructure (EESI) programme over years and who have always been there to ease the burden of studies at KTH. Scouring for interesting master thesis topic can be challenging and sometimes even confusing. Had it not been Ms. Tahmina Ahsan, who persistently supported me to take up waste management systems, I would have least imagined that a research in waste management sector could be my master thesis project and an interesting subject for me. I also extend my thankfulness to Himanshu Sanghani, Kedar Uttam, Jim Loewenstein and other classmates from EESI, my friends in Sweden for being there and making Stockholm a wonderful experience. Last but not the least I am grateful to Catarina Ostlund, Karin Jönsson, Eva Larsson and Martijn van Praagh from Swedish EPA, Avfall Sverige, TPS, Sweco Environment AB respectively and the waste management PhD students who shared their valuable time and gave me their valuable feedback. KUNGLIGA TEKNISKA HÖGSKOLAN iii | Page
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