Analysis and Testing of Ajax-based Single-page Web Applications

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My sincere thanks go to Azin Nader and my dear friend Mohamad Yekta for designing the cover of this thesis. I am very grateful to my parents, my two sisters, and my parents-in-law, for their unconditional support and kindness. I thank my father for encouraging me to follow his steps in doing a PhD. Last, but certainly not least, I am indebted to my best friend and wife, Negin, who tolerated my negligence during the paper submission deadlines. Thanks for everything! Ali Mesbah April 24, 2009 Delft x
List of Acronyms ASP Active Server Pages API Application Programming Interface ATUSA Automatically Testing User-interface States of Ajax CGI Common Gateway Interface Crawljax CRAWLing aJAX CSS Cascading Style Sheets DOM Document Object Model DSL Domain Specific Language GUI Graphical User Interface GWT Google Web Toolkit HTML HyperText Markup Language HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol JSF JavaServer Faces JSP JavaServer Pages JSON JavaScript Object Notation Ajax Asynchronous JavaScript and XML REST REpresentational State Transfer Retjax Reverse Engineering Tool for Ajax RIA Rich Internet Application SPIAR Single Page Internet Application aRchitecture UI User Interface URI Uniform Resource Identifier URL Uniform Resource Locator XHTML Extensible HyperText Markup Language WWW World Wide Web
Page 1 and 2: Analysis and Testing of Ajax-based
Page 3 and 4: Contents Preface List of Acronyms i
Page 5 and 6: 3.3.4 Single-page UI Model Definiti
Page 7 and 8: 6.3.2 Trigger . . . . . . . . . . .
Page 9: Preface our years have passed since
Page 13 and 14: Introduction A ccording to recent s
Page 15 and 16: Figure 1.2 Screen shot of the Mosai
Page 17 and 18: Figure 1.4 Screen shot of OpenLaszl
Page 19 and 20: DOM APIs, a technique that was call
Page 21 and 22: Figure 1.6 Screen shot of Google Su
Page 23 and 24: Figure 1.7 Screen shot of Google Do
Page 25 and 26: Reengineering Analysis & Testing Ar
Page 27 and 28: client/server and network-based env
Page 29 and 30: To the best of our knowledge, at th
Page 31 and 32: Table 1.1 ❳❳ ❳ ❳ ❳❳ Cha
Page 33 and 34: equally and we chose to use an alph
Page 35 and 36: A Component- and Push-based Archite
Page 37 and 38: Page Internet Application aRchitect
Page 39 and 40: XML message containing directives t
Page 41 and 42: server sends the data to the client
Page 43 and 44: • Code reuse: shared implementati
Page 45 and 46: Rest provides Ajax demands Large-gr
Page 47 and 48: work well, will lose customers (Off
Page 49 and 50: communication between client and se
Page 51 and 52: GWT uses an RPC style of calling se
Page 53 and 54: DOM Client Browser event update Aja
Page 55 and 56: Client Server Legend Interaction po
Page 57 and 58: User Interactivity User-perceived L
Page 59 and 60: User Interactivity User-perceived L
Page 61 and 62:
and does not comply with the Resour
Page 63 and 64:
2.8.9 Design Models Figure 2.8 show
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of user tasks as first class entiti
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Migrating Multi-page Web Applicatio
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Web App 1 Page deltaChange viewChan
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gational and structural model of th
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Classic Web application Retrieve pa
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Algorithm 1 1: procedure start (Pag
Page 77 and 78:
3.5.2 Identifying Elements The list
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Classification # of pages Home (Ind
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Figure 3.7 A candidate UI component
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target system. Even though the tech
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Third, we proposed a schema-based c
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Performance Testing of Data Deliver
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Figure 4.1 A screenshot taken from
Page 91 and 92:
the user. Ideally, the pulling inte
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Streaming Figure 4.3 shows how the
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4.4 Experimental Design In this sec
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Mean Publish Trip-time (MPT) We def
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tributes to the complexity of contr
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8. Start the publisher and begin pu
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Figure 4.8 Sample Stock Ticker Appl
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Figure 4.9 Mean Publish Trip-time C
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4.6.3 Received Publish Messages Fig
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Figure 4.12 Mean Number of Received
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Figure 4.13 Percentage of data item
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with pull is higher than push. This
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this scenario, a data item will onl
Page 117 and 118:
With the pull approach, achieving t
Page 119 and 120:
Crawling Ajax by Inferring User Int
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discusses the findings and open iss
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5.3 A Method for Crawling Ajax The
Page 125 and 126:
Robot click UI Browser generate cli
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5.3.5 Creating States After firing
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1 crawl MyAjaxSite { 2 url: http://
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The generator uses JTidy 10 to pret
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G1. For the experiment we have manu
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19247 examined candidate elements,
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ich interactivity and responsivenes
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5.8 Related Work The concept behind
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Invariant-Based Automatic Testing o
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has some support for client-side sc
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6.3.2 Trigger Once we are able to d
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a new edge is created on the graph
Page 149 and 150:
Other Invariants. In line with the
Page 151 and 152:
6.7.1 Oracle Comparators After each
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Algorithm 4 Pre/postCrawling hooks
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LOC Server-side LOC Client-side DOM
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todo items, removing all items inst
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Failure Cause Violated Invariant In
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plications) is that it is very hard
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1. A series of fault models that ca
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Conclusion ith the advent of Ajax t
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out to be an appropriate framework
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plays a more prominent role in the
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correct behavior. Violations in the
Page 173 and 174:
A great deal of our work has focuse
Page 175 and 176:
A Single-page Ajax Example Applicat
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1 if(navigator.appName == "Microsof
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Figure A.5 The run-time DOM instanc
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Figure A.7 The request/response tra
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Samenvatting ⋆ Analyse en Testing
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een dergelijk model te creëren, do
Page 187 and 188:
Bibliography Abrams, M., Phanouriou
Page 189 and 190:
Bouras, C. and Konidaris, A. (2005)
Page 191 and 192:
De Lucia, A., Scanniello, G., and T
Page 193 and 194:
Garofalakis, M., Gionis, A., Rastog
Page 195 and 196:
Levenshtein, V. L. (1996). Binary c
Page 197 and 198:
Netscape (1995). An exploration of
Page 199 and 200:
Sprenkle, S., Pollock, L., Esquivel
Page 201 and 202:
Wohlin, C., Runeson, P., Höst, M.,
Page 203 and 204:
Curriculum Vitae Personal Data Full
Page 205 and 206:
A. Dijkstra. Stepping through Haske
Page 207 and 208:
M. A. Abam. New Data Structures and
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