Analysis and Testing of Ajax-based Single-page Web Applications

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viii Contents
Preface our years have passed since I started my PhD research project (SPCI). Now F that I look back, I can say with great confidence that it is has been a very instructive and pleasant experience. I wish to thank all those who have made it possible. First of all, I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to Arie van Deursen for giving me the opportunity to work under his excellent supervision. Arie has been a great source of inspiration and I am very thankful for his continuous encouragement and support, enthusiasm, and kindness. His extensive knowledge and insight along with his open and positive attitude make him a great mentor for every student. I would like to thank the members of my defense committee: prof. dr. Alessandro Orso, prof. dr. Alex Wolf, prof. dr. Paul de Bra, prof. dr. Paul Klint, prof. dr. Geert-Jan Houben, and prof. dr. Erik Jansen, for providing me with valuable feedback on this thesis. I would like to thank Engin Bozdag for his feedback on Chapter 2, our collaboration in writing Chapter 4, and more importantly, for the good times on conference trips. Many thanks to the (current and former) members of the Software Engineering Research Group (SERG) at Delft University of Technology: Andy Zaidman (for proof reading parts of the thesis), Bas Cornelissen (for correcting the ‘Samenvatting’), Cathal Boogerd, Marius Marin, Rui Abreu, Eelco Visser and his ‘gang’, Martin Pinzger, Gerd Gross, Marco Lormans, Bas Graaf, Alberto Gonzalez, Michaela Greiler, Eric Piel, Hans Geers, Frans Ververs, Teemu Kanstren, Eric Bouwers, and Adam Nasr. The first year of my PhD work took place in the software engineering research group (SEN1) at the Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in Amsterdam. I thank Paul Klint and the members of SEN1 for facilitating my stay at CWI. During my MSc studies I started working at West Consulting BV (West), a software company composed of highly motivated and disciplined software engineers. I have gained most of my real-world industrial software engineering experience at West, for which I am very thankful to all the colleagues. In particular, I am grateful to Rob Westermann, managing director of West, for his continuous support and sponsoring through all these years. Within the SPCI project, I had the privilege to work with a number of talented MSc students: Engin, Maikel, Justin, Vahid, Cor-Paul, and Danny. Thanks for the great collaborations and results. I really appreciate spending time with my dear friends Payman, Parham, Behnam, Vahid, and Samrad. Thanks for the fun times as well as the valuable conservations on all aspects of life, politics, and technology.
Page 1 and 2: Analysis and Testing of Ajax-based
Page 3 and 4: Contents Preface List of Acronyms i
Page 5 and 6: 3.3.4 Single-page UI Model Definiti
Page 7: 6.3.2 Trigger . . . . . . . . . . .
Page 11 and 12: List of Acronyms ASP Active Server
Page 13 and 14: Introduction A ccording to recent s
Page 15 and 16: Figure 1.2 Screen shot of the Mosai
Page 17 and 18: Figure 1.4 Screen shot of OpenLaszl
Page 19 and 20: DOM APIs, a technique that was call
Page 21 and 22: Figure 1.6 Screen shot of Google Su
Page 23 and 24: Figure 1.7 Screen shot of Google Do
Page 25 and 26: Reengineering Analysis & Testing Ar
Page 27 and 28: client/server and network-based env
Page 29 and 30: To the best of our knowledge, at th
Page 31 and 32: Table 1.1 ❳❳ ❳ ❳ ❳❳ Cha
Page 33 and 34: equally and we chose to use an alph
Page 35 and 36: A Component- and Push-based Archite
Page 37 and 38: Page Internet Application aRchitect
Page 39 and 40: XML message containing directives t
Page 41 and 42: server sends the data to the client
Page 43 and 44: • Code reuse: shared implementati
Page 45 and 46: Rest provides Ajax demands Large-gr
Page 47 and 48: work well, will lose customers (Off
Page 49 and 50: communication between client and se
Page 51 and 52: GWT uses an RPC style of calling se
Page 53 and 54: DOM Client Browser event update Aja
Page 55 and 56: Client Server Legend Interaction po
Page 57 and 58: User Interactivity User-perceived L
Page 59 and 60:
User Interactivity User-perceived L
Page 61 and 62:
and does not comply with the Resour
Page 63 and 64:
2.8.9 Design Models Figure 2.8 show
Page 65 and 66:
of user tasks as first class entiti
Page 67 and 68:
Migrating Multi-page Web Applicatio
Page 69 and 70:
Web App 1 Page deltaChange viewChan
Page 71 and 72:
gational and structural model of th
Page 73 and 74:
Classic Web application Retrieve pa
Page 75 and 76:
Algorithm 1 1: procedure start (Pag
Page 77 and 78:
3.5.2 Identifying Elements The list
Page 79 and 80:
Classification # of pages Home (Ind
Page 81 and 82:
Figure 3.7 A candidate UI component
Page 83 and 84:
target system. Even though the tech
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Third, we proposed a schema-based c
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Performance Testing of Data Deliver
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Figure 4.1 A screenshot taken from
Page 91 and 92:
the user. Ideally, the pulling inte
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Streaming Figure 4.3 shows how the
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4.4 Experimental Design In this sec
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Mean Publish Trip-time (MPT) We def
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tributes to the complexity of contr
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8. Start the publisher and begin pu
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Figure 4.8 Sample Stock Ticker Appl
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Figure 4.9 Mean Publish Trip-time C
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4.6.3 Received Publish Messages Fig
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Figure 4.12 Mean Number of Received
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Figure 4.13 Percentage of data item
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with pull is higher than push. This
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this scenario, a data item will onl
Page 117 and 118:
With the pull approach, achieving t
Page 119 and 120:
Crawling Ajax by Inferring User Int
Page 121 and 122:
discusses the findings and open iss
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5.3 A Method for Crawling Ajax The
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Robot click UI Browser generate cli
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5.3.5 Creating States After firing
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1 crawl MyAjaxSite { 2 url: http://
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The generator uses JTidy 10 to pret
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G1. For the experiment we have manu
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19247 examined candidate elements,
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ich interactivity and responsivenes
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5.8 Related Work The concept behind
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Invariant-Based Automatic Testing o
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has some support for client-side sc
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6.3.2 Trigger Once we are able to d
Page 147 and 148:
a new edge is created on the graph
Page 149 and 150:
Other Invariants. In line with the
Page 151 and 152:
6.7.1 Oracle Comparators After each
Page 153 and 154:
Algorithm 4 Pre/postCrawling hooks
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LOC Server-side LOC Client-side DOM
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todo items, removing all items inst
Page 159 and 160:
Failure Cause Violated Invariant In
Page 161 and 162:
plications) is that it is very hard
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1. A series of fault models that ca
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Conclusion ith the advent of Ajax t
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out to be an appropriate framework
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plays a more prominent role in the
Page 171 and 172:
correct behavior. Violations in the
Page 173 and 174:
A great deal of our work has focuse
Page 175 and 176:
A Single-page Ajax Example Applicat
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1 if(navigator.appName == "Microsof
Page 179 and 180:
Figure A.5 The run-time DOM instanc
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Figure A.7 The request/response tra
Page 183 and 184:
Samenvatting ⋆ Analyse en Testing
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een dergelijk model te creëren, do
Page 187 and 188:
Bibliography Abrams, M., Phanouriou
Page 189 and 190:
Bouras, C. and Konidaris, A. (2005)
Page 191 and 192:
De Lucia, A., Scanniello, G., and T
Page 193 and 194:
Garofalakis, M., Gionis, A., Rastog
Page 195 and 196:
Levenshtein, V. L. (1996). Binary c
Page 197 and 198:
Netscape (1995). An exploration of
Page 199 and 200:
Sprenkle, S., Pollock, L., Esquivel
Page 201 and 202:
Wohlin, C., Runeson, P., Höst, M.,
Page 203 and 204:
Curriculum Vitae Personal Data Full
Page 205 and 206:
A. Dijkstra. Stepping through Haske
Page 207 and 208:
M. A. Abam. New Data Structures and
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