Analysis and Testing of Ajax-based Single-page Web Applications

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tioners can use when constructing and analyzing Ajax applications and evaluating the tradeoffs of different properties of the architecture. We further propose a component- push-based architecture capable of synchronizing the events both on the server and the client efficiently. The style is based on an analysis of various Ajax frameworks and configurations, and we have used it to address various design tradeoffs and open issues in Ajax applications. Ajax development field is young, dynamic and changing rapidly. Certainly, the work presented in this chapter needs to be incrementally enriched and revised, taking into account experiences, results, and innovations as they emerge from the web community. Future work encompasses the use of Spiar to analyze and influence Ajax developments. One route we foresee is the extension of Spiar to incorporate additional models for representing, e.g., navigation or UI components, thus making it possible to adopt a model-driven approach to Ajax development. At the time of writing, we are using Spiar in the context of enriching existing web applications with Ajax capabilities. 54 2.10. Concluding Remarks
Migrating Multi-page Web Applications to Single-page Ajax Interfaces ⋆ Recently, a new web development technique for creating interactive web applications, dubbed Ajax, has emerged. In this new model, the single-page web interface is composed of individual components which can be updated/replaced independently. If until a year ago, the concern revolved around migrating legacy systems to web-based settings, today we have a new challenge of migrating web applications to single-page Ajax applications. Gaining an understanding of the navigational model and user interface structure of the source application is the first step in the migration process. In this chapter, we explore how reverse engineering techniques can help analyze classic web applications for this purpose. Our approach, using a schema-based clustering technique, extracts a navigational model of web applications, and identifies candidate user interface components to be migrated to a single-page Ajax interface. Additionally, results of a case study, conducted to evaluate our tool, are presented. Chapter 3 3.1 Introduction espite their enormous popularity, web applications have suffered from D poor interactivity and responsiveness towards end users. Interaction in classic web applications is based on a multi-page interface model, in which for every request the entire interface is refreshed. Recently, a new web development technique for creating interactive web applications, dubbed Ajax (Asynchronous JavaScript And XML) (Garrett, 2005), has emerged. In this new model, the single-page web interface is composed of individual components which can be updated/replaced independently, so that the entire page does not need to be reloaded on each user action. This, in turn, helps to increase the levels of interactivity, responsiveness and user satisfaction. Adopting Ajax-based techniques is a serious option not only for newly developed applications, but also for existing web sites if their user friendliness is inadequate. Many organizations are beginning to consider migration (ajaxification) possibilities to this new paradigm which promises rich interactivity and satisfaction for their clients. As a result, the well-known problem of legacy migration is becoming increasingly important for web applications. ⋆ This chapter was published in the Proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering (CSMR 2007) (Mesbah and van Deursen, 2007b).
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Analysis and Testing of Ajax-based
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Contents Preface List of Acronyms i
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3.3.4 Single-page UI Model Definiti
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6.3.2 Trigger . . . . . . . . . . .
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Preface our years have passed since
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List of Acronyms ASP Active Server
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Introduction A ccording to recent s
Page 15 and 16: Figure 1.2 Screen shot of the Mosai
Page 17 and 18: Figure 1.4 Screen shot of OpenLaszl
Page 19 and 20: DOM APIs, a technique that was call
Page 21 and 22: Figure 1.6 Screen shot of Google Su
Page 23 and 24: Figure 1.7 Screen shot of Google Do
Page 25 and 26: Reengineering Analysis & Testing Ar
Page 27 and 28: client/server and network-based env
Page 29 and 30: To the best of our knowledge, at th
Page 31 and 32: Table 1.1 ❳❳ ❳ ❳ ❳❳ Cha
Page 33 and 34: equally and we chose to use an alph
Page 35 and 36: A Component- and Push-based Archite
Page 37 and 38: Page Internet Application aRchitect
Page 39 and 40: XML message containing directives t
Page 41 and 42: server sends the data to the client
Page 43 and 44: • Code reuse: shared implementati
Page 45 and 46: Rest provides Ajax demands Large-gr
Page 47 and 48: work well, will lose customers (Off
Page 49 and 50: communication between client and se
Page 51 and 52: GWT uses an RPC style of calling se
Page 53 and 54: DOM Client Browser event update Aja
Page 55 and 56: Client Server Legend Interaction po
Page 57 and 58: User Interactivity User-perceived L
Page 59 and 60: User Interactivity User-perceived L
Page 61 and 62: and does not comply with the Resour
Page 63 and 64: 2.8.9 Design Models Figure 2.8 show
Page 65: of user tasks as first class entiti
Page 69 and 70: Web App 1 Page deltaChange viewChan
Page 71 and 72: gational and structural model of th
Page 73 and 74: Classic Web application Retrieve pa
Page 75 and 76: Algorithm 1 1: procedure start (Pag
Page 77 and 78: 3.5.2 Identifying Elements The list
Page 79 and 80: Classification # of pages Home (Ind
Page 81 and 82: Figure 3.7 A candidate UI component
Page 83 and 84: target system. Even though the tech
Page 85 and 86: Third, we proposed a schema-based c
Page 87 and 88: Performance Testing of Data Deliver
Page 89 and 90: Figure 4.1 A screenshot taken from
Page 91 and 92: the user. Ideally, the pulling inte
Page 93 and 94: Streaming Figure 4.3 shows how the
Page 95 and 96: 4.4 Experimental Design In this sec
Page 97 and 98: Mean Publish Trip-time (MPT) We def
Page 99 and 100: tributes to the complexity of contr
Page 101 and 102: 8. Start the publisher and begin pu
Page 103 and 104: Figure 4.8 Sample Stock Ticker Appl
Page 105 and 106: Figure 4.9 Mean Publish Trip-time C
Page 107 and 108: 4.6.3 Received Publish Messages Fig
Page 109 and 110: Figure 4.12 Mean Number of Received
Page 111 and 112: Figure 4.13 Percentage of data item
Page 113 and 114: with pull is higher than push. This
Page 115 and 116: this scenario, a data item will onl
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With the pull approach, achieving t
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Crawling Ajax by Inferring User Int
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discusses the findings and open iss
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5.3 A Method for Crawling Ajax The
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Robot click UI Browser generate cli
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5.3.5 Creating States After firing
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1 crawl MyAjaxSite { 2 url: http://
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The generator uses JTidy 10 to pret
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G1. For the experiment we have manu
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19247 examined candidate elements,
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ich interactivity and responsivenes
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5.8 Related Work The concept behind
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Invariant-Based Automatic Testing o
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has some support for client-side sc
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6.3.2 Trigger Once we are able to d
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a new edge is created on the graph
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Other Invariants. In line with the
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6.7.1 Oracle Comparators After each
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Algorithm 4 Pre/postCrawling hooks
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LOC Server-side LOC Client-side DOM
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todo items, removing all items inst
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Failure Cause Violated Invariant In
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plications) is that it is very hard
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1. A series of fault models that ca
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Conclusion ith the advent of Ajax t
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out to be an appropriate framework
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plays a more prominent role in the
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correct behavior. Violations in the
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A great deal of our work has focuse
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A Single-page Ajax Example Applicat
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1 if(navigator.appName == "Microsof
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Figure A.5 The run-time DOM instanc
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Figure A.7 The request/response tra
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Samenvatting ⋆ Analyse en Testing
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een dergelijk model te creëren, do
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Bibliography Abrams, M., Phanouriou
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Bouras, C. and Konidaris, A. (2005)
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De Lucia, A., Scanniello, G., and T
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Garofalakis, M., Gionis, A., Rastog
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Levenshtein, V. L. (1996). Binary c
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Netscape (1995). An exploration of
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Sprenkle, S., Pollock, L., Esquivel
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Wohlin, C., Runeson, P., Höst, M.,
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Curriculum Vitae Personal Data Full
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A. Dijkstra. Stepping through Haske
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M. A. Abam. New Data Structures and
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